Human Cell Cycle Stages and Mitosis Key Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology
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24 Terms
Interphase
The phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division.
G1
Growth 1 phase where cells undergo normal growth and metabolism.
S
Synthesis phase where DNA replication occurs and chromatin duplicates.
G2
Growth 2 phase where cells synthesize proteins for DNA repair and cell division.
Mitosis
The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Prophase
The first phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope dissolves and chromatin condenses.
Metaphase
The second phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
Anaphase
The third phase of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
Telophase
The last phase of mitosis where chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes reform.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm that produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
Chromatin
The form of DNA present during interphase.
Nucleolus
A structure within the nucleus that disappears during prophase.
Mitotic Spindle
A structure formed during G2 that helps separate chromosomes during mitosis.
Centrioles
Organelles that replicate during S phase and form the mitotic spindle.
Cleavage Furrow
The visible indentation that forms between two newly forming daughter cells during cytokinesis.
Sister Chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome that are separated during anaphase.
Nuclear Envelope
The membrane that surrounds the nucleus, which dissolves during prophase.
Spindle Fibers
Structures that attach to chromosomes during mitosis to help separate them.
Events of G1
Cells synthesize proteins for general biosynthesis, growth, nucleotide synthesis, DNA replication, and cell cycle regulation.
Events of S
DNA replication occurs, and centrioles replicate.
Events of G2
Cells prepare for mitosis and synthesize proteins for DNA repair.
Cell Appearance in G1
Chromatin is not duplicated yet.
Cell Appearance in S
Chromatin is duplicating.
Cell Appearance in G2
Chromatin is duplicated.