Cell Respiration Diagram | Quizlet

Aerobic Respiration

Requires oxygen for cellular respiration. Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen 6(O2) → Carbon-dioxide 6(CO2) + Water 6 (H2O) + Energy (ATP), makes about 36 -38 ATP ( more than anaerobic)

Anaerobic Respiration

Doesn't require oxygen, makes 2 ATP. Goes through glycolysis and regenerates NAD+ to keep glycolysis going.

TERM

Glycolysis

DEFINITION

1st process of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm

Glycolysis Process

Splits glucose into 2 pyruvate, makes 2 ATP, and 2NADH

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Completely breaks up pyruvic acid as CO2, which is exhaled or goes to the atmosphere and makes ATP, FADH2, and NADH.

Electron Transport Chain

High energy electrons from FADH2 & NADH are passed along the ETC to pump H+ into the intermembrane space.

Oxygen is the last electron acceptor which becomes water. 32 ATP is made by oxidadtive phosphorylation as H+ passes thru the ATP synthase.

Waste products of cell respiration

Water, carbon dioxide, heat

Fermentation

Result of anaerobic respiration, 2 ATP and recycles NAD+

Lactic Acid fermentation

type of fermentation of animal cells during anaerobic respiration. examples of lactic acid, humans, bacteria make cheese, yogurt, sour cream , kimchi, saurkraut

Alcoholic fermentation

Type of fermentation in some bacteria and yeast.

Reactants of cellular respiration

1 Glucose (C6H12O6) and 6 oxygen (O2)

Products of cellular respiration

6 Water (H2O) and 6 carbon dioxide (CO2)

Cell Respiration Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 >>>> 6H20 + 6CO2 +ATP

Organelle responsible for cell respiration

Mitochondria and cytoplasm

ATP -ADP cycle

Process by which cells regenerate ATP. ADP forms when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, then ATP forms again as ADP gains a phosphate group.

ATP Synthase

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP powered by H+.

Chemiosmosis

A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient Hydrogen gradient established by the Electron transport chain, and the ATP synthase enzyme.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Any set of membrane-bound protein complexes and mobile electron carriers involved in a coordinated series of redox reactions in which the potential energy of electrons is successively decreased and used to pump protons from one side of a membrane to the other.

TERM

matrix of mitochondria

DEFINITION

location of krebs cycle

TERM

intermembrane space

DEFINITION

the fluid-filled space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, this where H+ is pumped during the electron transport chain.

cristae of mitochondria

The carriers of the electron transport chain are located ______________.

pyruvate or pyruvic acid

the end product of glycolysis, which is converted into acetyl coA that enters the Krebs cycle when there is sufficient oxygen available

NAD+

(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) electron carrier involved in cellular respiration.

NAD+ becomes NADH when it gains H and electrons.

FADH2 and NADH

Electrons are donated to the electron transport chain

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

first law of thermodynamics

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

second law of thermodynamics

when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower-quality energy (usually heat)

lactic acid fermentation

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen happens in animals and bacteria. Examples of products is yogurt, cheese, buttermilk

alcoholic fermentation

the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol

TERM

Inner Membrane

DEFINITION

Where Electron transport proteins are located

Heterotrophs are

organisms (animals) that obtain energy from the food the eat

Autrotrophs

Organisms that make their own food

Producer

An organism that can make its own food.

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) ---------> 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) + energy

What is the order of steps in cell respiration?

1. Glycolysis

2. Krebs cycle

3. Electron transport chain

What's the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

it's the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain and it becomes water after accepting electrons

What step of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Electron transport chain

What step in cellular respiration do all organism conduct

Glycolysis

Which form of ATP has the most potential energy?

ATP, ADP has less potential energy. Energy is between the phosphate bonds.

Glycolysis

_____________ is the process of splitting a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvic acid molecules

Cytoplasm

Tell where glycolysis happens.

Tell where Krebs cycle happens.

IN THE MATRIX

Name three phases of cellular respiration

GLYCOLYSIS, KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT

A process does not require oxygen

anaerobic

aerobic

cell respiration with oxygen

Electron carriers in cellular respiration

NADH (NAD positive) and FADH2 (FAD)

Oxgyen

Needed for aerobic cell respiration

What gas is produced during alcoholic fermentation

carbon dioxide

Name the type of fermentation that occurs in human muscle cells

lactic acid

Name the type of fermentation that makes bread dough rise

alcoholic

type of fermentation used by human muscles in low oxygen conditions and microorganisms to make yogurt, cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and kimchi

lactic acid

Where do H+ ions build up as electrons are passed down the electron transport chain

intermembrane space of the mitochondrion

ATP synthase

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP as H ions pass through it

Where do NADH and FADH2 produced during the krebs cycle

Electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Which phase in the cellular respiration is the most ATP made

Electron transport chain

In which phase of cellular respiration is water made?

Electron transport chain

What part of ATP is broken to release energy for use in chemical reactions?

between the phosphate groups

What is the equation for alcoholic fermentation

pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

what is the equation for lactic acid fermentation

pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2.

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Name the ion channel through which H+ ions pass that adds Phosphate onto ADP

ATP synthase