Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Ionic Bond

Transfer of electrons; occurs between a non-metal and metal

Chemical formula

Combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance

Covalent bond

Sharing electrons between atoms; occurs between non-metal and non-metal

Compound

Made up of 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded

Chemical symbol

One or two letter representation of an element

Valence electrons

Electrons on the outer shell

Octet rule

Full outer shells of only 8 electrons except for hydrogen and helium which are both happy with 2

Element

Cannot be broken down into a simpler substance using chemical changes

Chemical bond

Attractive force that holds together atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or compound

Ion

an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

Stable

Full valence shell

Noble gases

Stable and the least reactive

Protons

Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom

Isotopes

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Atomic Mass

Number of protons and neutrons

Electrons

Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus

Reactivity

Increases down a group of metals with francium being the most reactive

Properties

Elements in the same group have similar properties

Carbon + Oxygen

Covalent bond

Sodium + Chlorine

Ionic bond

Iron + Oxygen

Ionic bond

Sulfur + Oxygen

Covalent bond

Most reactive group

Group 1: Alkali metals