The brain, the ear and the eyes

what are the 6 different parts of the brain

Hypothalamus

pons

cerebrum

cerebellum

medulla oblongata

pituitary gland

What is the function of the cerebrum

Speech, reasoning, personality and memory

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum

occipital, frontal, parietal, and temporal

What is the function of the hypothalamus

regulates body temp and metabolism, controls hunger, thirst, sleep and sex drive. hormones.

what is the function of the pituitary gland

called the “master” gland of the body. Its controlled by the hypothalamus and controls other glands like tropic hormones.

What is the function of the cerebellum

controls limp movements, balance and muscle tone.

What is the function of the pons

Relay station between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata

What is the function of the medulla oblongata

Part of the autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic and sympathetic. Controls heart rate, breathing and blood pressure.

what does the frontal lobe do

Controls motor, voluntary movements, has links to memory, reasoning, critical thinking, language use and personality.

What does the parietal lobe do

A sensory area, its associated with touch, pressure, pain, temperature and taste. Also linked to emotion and interpreting speech.

What does the temporal lobe do

A sensory area that is associated with hearing and smelling.

What does the occipital lobe do

A sensory area associated with vision.

outer layer of eye and functions

Sclera- tough white outer layer, protects and supports the eye

Cornea- tough clear layer, bends light toward pupil

Middle layer of eye and functions

Choroid- black layer, prevents light from scattering

Iris- pigmented muscle controls pupil size

Lens- focus’s image on retina by changing shape (accomidation)

Pupil- Hole which allows light to enter

Aqeuous humor- supplies cornea and lens with nutrients like oxygen and maintains shape.

Vitreous humour- Gives the eye structure. Jelly like fluid.

Inner layer of eye and functions

retina- has light sensitive cells that converts light energy into action potentials. also has bipolar and ganglion cells.

Rods- photoreceptor for dim light, vitamin A is essential to rhodopsin, a important pigment found in rods.

Cones- photoreceptors for bright light, colors and fine detail. Vitamin A is essential to red, blue and green pigments found in cones.

Fovea centralis- Most sensitive zone of retina, highest concentraion of cones. Greatest visula acuity

blind spot- Where the retina attaches to the optic nerve. No rods or cones present.

3 other parts of the eye

ciliary muscle- alter the shape of the lens.

suspensory ligaments- important to accommodation to maintain tension.

Conjunctiva- Thin layer on top of the cornea for protecting eye, blocks entry of pathogens into the eye.

Pathway of light into eye

Cornea-pupil-lens-retina-optic nerve- occipital lobe.

What do light rays pass through before reaching rods and cones

bipolar cells, and ganglion cells.

How does the lens help vision

Flat lens- farther away objects

thicker lens- closer objects

pathway of light into eye

cornea-pupil-lens-retina-optic nerve- oppcipital lobe

How does pupil size change during accomodation

far objects the pupil dilates

closer objects he pupil constricts

What is the lacrimal gland

Responsible for tear production

Tears help bring oxygen to the cornea

tears empty into tear ducts in the nose

What is in the outer ear and what are the functions

pinna- funnels sound into ear

auditory canal- amplifies sound

tympanic membrane- ear drum, vibrates against ossicles

what is in the middle ear and its functions (air filled)

ossicles (bones, malleus, incus, stapes) vibrates amplifying sounds

Oval window amplifys sound

eustachian tube connects middle ear to mouth and nose. allows for equalization of pressure.

What does the inner ear include and its functions (fluid filled)

Cochlea (hearing) hair cells on the baslir membrane identify sound waves and convert them into action potentials

semicircular canals (balance) movement of fluid in canals that provide info about body movement.

What is the organ of corti

converts sound waves into nerve impulses

What is the path of sound through the ear

pinna- auditory canal- tympanic membrane-ossicles-cochlea-auditory nerve-temporal lobe

What are the 3 bones of the ossicles

malleus (Hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

The cochlea has what in it

organ of corti

hair cells

baslir membrane