Family Nursing Exam 1

What is a consanguineous family relationship?

A blood relationship.

What is an affinal family relationship?

A marital relationship.

Family structure and ________ can influence a child’s health and well-being.

Dynamics.

What is a family of origin?

The family unit a person is born into.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: Family continually interacts with members and the environment.

Family systems theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: emphasizes interactions among family members.

Family systems theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: high level of adaptability.

Family systems theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: A change in one part affects the entire family.

Family systems theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: Nurse’s role is to assess family’s ability to accept new ideas, information, resources, and opportunities.

Family systems theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: Explains how families react to stressful events.

Family stress theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: Identifies factors that promote adaptation to stress.

Family stress theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: Too many stressors in a short period (USUALLY 1 YEAR) can overwhelm a family’s ability to cope.

Family stress theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: Based on Duvall’s developmental stages.

Developmental theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: Oldest child marks transition to the next family stage.

Developmental theory.

Match the statement to the correct family theory: Based on predictable changed in family structure, function, and roles over time.

Developmental theory.

What is the purpose of a family assessment?

To identify strengths, weaknesses, and family dynamics.

What is an authoritarian parenting style?

Strict rules with unquestioned obedience.

What is the permissive parenting style?

A parenting style where parents exert little or no control over a child’s actions. The children regulate much of their own behavior.

What is the authoritative parenting style?

A parenting style where parents direct children’s behavior and attitudes through reasoning and reinforcement.

What is the focus of the authoritative parenting style?

The issue, not fear or withdrawal of love.

What does discipline mean?

To teach or refers to a set of rules that govern conduct.

What is limit setting used for?

To establish rules for behavior.

The clearer the limits and the more consistently they are enforced, ____ discipline is needed.

Less.

What does the redirection form of discipline refer to?

Shifting a child’s attention away from an unsafe/unacceptable activity toward a positive reinforcement.

What do “time-outs” refer to in the context of discipline?

Removing the child briefly from the stimulating environment to a quiet spot so they can calm down and reflect.

What does the logical consequences form of discipline refer to?

Imposing a planned result that directly connects to the specific misbehavior.

What does the natural consequences form of discipline refer to?

Allow the unforced, real-world outcome of a choice to occur naturally without parent intervention.

What does the problem-solving form of discipline refer to?

Guide the child to think through alternative choices and create solutions for the issues their actions caused.

What does the emotional validation form of discipline refer to?

Acknowledge, name, and accept the child's underlying feelings before addressing the behavior itself.

What can occur due to having multiple caregivers before adoption?

Attachment problems.

Racism, biases, and comments from strangers are involved with which types of adoptions?

Cross-racial/international.

What should children receive reassurance about in the context of divorce?

It’s not their fault.

What is peer culture important for?

A child’s socialization.

What does excessive screen time increase the risk for?

Obesity, disrupted sleep, and devleopmental delays.

What is growth?

An increase in number and size of cells as they divide and create new proteins. It is a Quantitative measurement.

What is development?

An advancement from lower to higher stages of complexity (think emotional). It is a qualitative measurement.

What is maturation?

An increase in competence and adaptability.

What is differentiation?

Process by which early cells are modified and altered to specific types.

What are directional trends in growth and development?

Trends that show the physical paths that body growth and motor control follow.

What are some examples of directional trends?

• Cephalocaudal: Growth goes from head to toe.

• Proximodistal: Growth and control goes from the center outwards.

What are sequential trends in growth and development?

Sequential trends show that children pass through a fixed, predictable order of stages.

What is the neonatal period?

Birth to 28 days.

What is infancy?

Birth to 12 months.

What is early childhood?

1 - 6 years old.

What is toddler?

1 -3 years old.

What is preschool?

3 - 6 years old.

What is middle child (school age)?

6 - 11/12

What is late childhood?

11 - 19 years old.

What is prepubertal?

10 - 13/14

What is adolescence?

13 - 19 years old.

From birth to 6 months old, what should happen to birth weight in the first 6 months?

Birth weight should double.

From 6 - 12 months old, what should happen to the birth weight?

It should triple.

What is the most accurate measure of general development?

Bone age (osseous maturation).

What is bad about fractures in growth plates?

They can be hard to see, and it can stunt a child’s growth.

What is basal metabolic rate?

The rate of metabolism while at rest.

When in life is your basal metabolic rate (BMR) highest?

As a newborn.

Newborns run into what risks due to having a higher BMR?

• Dehydration

• Hypoglycemia

How does degree in a fever correspond with a newborn’s basal metabolic rate?

Every 1 degree increase in temperature leads to a 10% increase in basal metabolic rate.

What is the most important influence on a child’s growth?

Nutrition.

Appetites fluctuate related to what?

Growth periods.

What is temperament?

A manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting that is characteristic of an individual.

What is an “easy child” temperament?

Even-tempered, regular and predictable in habits, positive approach to new stimuli, open and adaptable to change, usually a positive mood.

40% of children fall into which temperament category?

Easy child.

10% of children fall into which temperament category?

Difficult child.

What is the “difficult child” temperament?

Very active, irritable, irregular in habits, negative withdrawal response to new stimuli, require more structure, adapt slowly to new stimuli, have intense mood reactions that are typically negative.

15% of children fall into what temperament?

Slow-to-warm-up child.

What is the slow-to-warm-up child temperament?

Don’t like new stimuli, adapt slowly, passive resistance to change, less active, more moody.

Who made the theory of psychosexual development?

Freud.

What are the stages of psychosexual development?

• Oral stage (birth to 1 year)

• Anal stage (1 to 3 years)

• Phallic stage (3 to 6 years)

• Latency period (6 to 12 years)

• Genital stage (>12 years)

Who invented the theory of psychosocial development?

Erikson.

Erikson’s theory is the foundation of ________ development.

Personality.

What are the stages of psychosocial development?

• Trust vs. mistrust (birth to 1 year)

• Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1 to 3 years)

• Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years)

• Industry versus inferiority (6 to 12 years)

• Identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years old)

Who made the theory of cognitive development?

Piaget.

What are the stages of cognitive development?

• Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)

• Preoperational (2 to 7 years)

• Concrete operations (7 to 11 years)

• Formal operations (11 to 15 years)

Who made the theory of moral development?

Kohlberg.

What are the stages of moral development?

• Preconventional level

• Conventional level

• Postconventional level

What are patterns of play categorized by?

Content and social character.

What is social-affective play?

Learning to provoke parental emotions like laughing, reaching towards parents’ face, etc.

What is sense-pleasure play?

Non-social stimulating experiences originating from outside the child. Think of children handling raw materials or using their senses.

What is skill play?

Repeating an action again and again.

What is unoccupied behavior?

A form of play where children focus their interest on something momentarily. Think daydreaming.

What is dramatic/pretend play?

Play where a child acts out events of daily life. Common in preschool children.

What is onlooker play?

Children watch what others do but don’t attempt to join.

What is solitary play?

Children play alone with toys that are different from others in the same area.

What is parallel play?

People play or work next to each other in the same space but do not directly interact with each other. Common in toddlers.

What is associative play?

Play where children play together and engage in a similar activity but there is no mutual goal or organization.

What is cooperative play?

Play where children are in an organized group with each other and work towards a goal together.

Bright Futures makes health goals dedicated towards what demographic?

Pediatric patients.

Children under what age should have little to no screen time?

18 months.

Children up to what age should have limited screen time?

5 years.

What is true of technology and developmental milestones?

Modern children aren’t hitting proper developmental milestones due to increased technology use.

Lifelong eating habits are established during the first _ years of life.

3.

T/F: Periodontal disease can lead to cardiac issues.

True.

What is the most common nutritional issue among American children?

Obesity.

What is obesity?

BMI greater than the 95th percentile.

What is the most common cause of death and disability in children?

Chuldhood injuries.

Toddlers have an increased risk of _____ due to inquisitiveness. They also have an increased risk of _____.

Burns, falls.

What are the 3 leading causes of death in adolescents?

1. MVA

2. Poisoning

3. Drowning

1 in how many children have mental health problems?

5.

What percentage of chronic mental health problems start in childhood?

80.