cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure
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Coronary heart disease cause:
the build up of fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries around the heart, physical inactivity, overweight
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Effect of Coronary heart disease:
chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack
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Scurvy cause:
lack of vitamin c, malnourishment
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Effect of scurvy:
weakness, gum disease, skin haemorrhages
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Rickets cause:
lack of vitamin d or calcium
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Effect of Rickets:
bone pain, poor growth, soft and weak bones
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Anaemia cause:
iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency
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Effect of Anaemia:
fatigue, weakness, pale and yellowish skin, chest pain
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Kwashiorkor cause:
deficiency of proteins or other vitamins and minerals
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Effect of Kwashiorkor:
enlarged stomach, loss of muscle mass
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Marasmus cause:
overall lack of calories
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Effect of Marasmus:
low body weight, muscle wasting, fatigue
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Ingestion:
the taking of substances e.g. food and drink into the body through the mouth.
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Mechanical digestion:
the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules
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Chemical digestion:
the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
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Absorption:
the movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood
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Assimilation:
the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells
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Egestion:
the passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as faeces through the anus
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Diarrhoea:
the loss of watery faeces
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Treatment for Diarrhoea:
oral rehydration therapy
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Oral rehydration therapy:
when a solution of salt and glucose is given to treat someone with cholera or another disease
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Chloera:
a water borne disease caused by bacteria
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Chloera symptoms:
diahorrea
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Environment chloera occurs in:
lack of sanitation, unclean water, contaminated food
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Chloera Bacterium:
produces a toxin that cause secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine, causing osmotic movement of water into the gut, causing diarrhoea, dehydration and loss of salts from blood
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Carbohydrates source:
bread, pasta, rice
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Fats source:
butter, oil, cheese
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Protein source:
eggs, fish, meat
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Vitamin C source:
citrus fruits, black currents, cabbage
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Vitamin C function:
maintain healthy skin and gums
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Vitamin D source:
milk, cheese, egg yolk
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Vitamin D function:
maintains hard bones, helps absorb calcium from small intestine
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Calcium source:
milk, cheese, fish
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Calcium function:
healthy teeth and bones, normal blood clotting
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Iron source:
red meat, liver, kidney
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Iron function:
forms haemoglobin in red blood cells
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Fibre source:
vegetables, fruit, wholemeal bread
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Fibre function:
adds bulk to the undigested food in the intestines, maintaining peristalsis
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Water source:
drinks, fruits, vegetables
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Alimentary canal:
the long muscular tube which runs from the mouth to the anus
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What is the digestive system made up of?
the alimentary canal and associated organs
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What are the 2 main functions of the digestive system:
digestion and absorption
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Mouth function:
chew and break down food into small pieces
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Enzyme found in the mouth:
amylase
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Where does digestion and ingestion occur?
the mouth
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Salivary glands function:
helps swallow food
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Enzyme found in Salivary glands:
amylase
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Oesophogus function:
pushes a ball of food (bolus) down the throat to stomach through muscular contractions (peristalsis)
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Stomach function:
stomach muscles churn and break down the food
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Enzyme found in the stomach:
pepsin
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Small intestine function:
made from microscopic villi that increase the surface area so nutrients can be absorbed quickly into the bloodstream
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Enzymes found in the small intestine:
trypsin, lipase, carbohydrase
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Where does the absorption of food occur?
small intestine
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Pancreas function:
produces digestive enzymes and release them into the small intestine
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Enzymes found in the pancreas:
protease, lipase, carbohydrase
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Liver function:
produces bile which increases pH and emulsifies fats
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Where does the assimilation of food occur:
liver
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Gall bladder function:
stores excess bile
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Large intestine function:
indigestible food and water enters and water is absorbed back into the body
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