rise of the monarchies

Louis VI

Known as Louis the Fat

he increased the power of the French monarchy by removing disloyal nobles and granting charters to towns, unifying the French people.

Philip II

Made Paris the center of government,

expanded the French kingdom,

and initiated the national government in France by seizing English fortresses and waging war with the Flemish.

Henry II

Strengthened the English central government by enlarging royal courts, establishing common law, and introducing circuit judges and juries, which weakened vassal influence.

Magna Carta

Document signed by King John of England in 1215, limiting the monarch's power, ensuring trial by jury, and establishing the foundation for constitutional government.

Hundred Years War

Series of wars between France and England from 1337-1453, leading to technological advancements, the rise of Joan of Arc, and the unification of both countries.

Otto the Great

Ruler of Germany in 936, extended power over dukes, established the Holy Roman Empire, and maintained authority through ties with the church.

Frederick II

Educated monarch of Germany, faced excommunication by the Pope, leading to the decentralization of the empire and the rise of the Habsburg dynasty in 1273.

Ferdinand and Isabella

United the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile, initiated the Spanish Inquisition, and established a Catholic monarchy in Spain, leading to the discovery of the New World by funding Columbus's voyage.

capetian kings

a family of kings that begun with Hugh Capet lasted 300 years

Louis IX

grandson of king philip II

Louis IX

later became st. Louis

helped unite frence people

forbid duals

philip IV

Louis IX’s grandson

continued to seize english fortesses in france

went to war w the flemish

made sure taxes was collected regularly

marked the beginning of a natuional ruler w/ 1 government

Philip IV

marked the beginning of a natuional ruler w/ 1 government

edward the confessor

became the king of england (greatest achievement: construction of a new cathedral)

harold godwinson

edward named him as his successor instead of his grandson

edgar the aetheling

edward the confessor’s grandson

witenagemot

an assembly of the elite who advised the king

william, duke of normandy

fought and defeated harold at the battle of hastings

battle of hastings

battle between harold and william, duke of normandy

henry II

lord of england and all of western france

henry II

enlarged jurisdiction of royal court

henry II

help establish english common law

henry II

made circuit judgess and juries important

henry II

developed a legal sytem which applied to everyone in the kingdom

richard

only spet 10 months of his reign in england

10 months

duration of richards’ reign in england

richard

spent the rest of his time fighting saladin and the muslims in the third crusdae and fighting w philip II

richard

gained the title “lionhearted” because of his leadership.

King John of England

richard’s brother

King John of England

his enemy was philip II

King John of England

abusive in terms of taxes

magna carta

King John of England was forced to sign this which states that all men shall be tried by a jury of their peers, taking away power from monarchies.

aristocracy

government where landowning nobles hold the power

magna carta

became the center piece of english system of constitutional government

hundred years war

one of the most important events of the medival era

hundred years war

a series of separate wars between the french and the english which lasted for 116 years.

royal families from england and france were both fighting for the french throne

reason for hundred years war

william the conquerer

laid claim to both france and england

william the conquerer

led the advances in technology including: cannon and english long bow

cannon and english long bow

william the conquerer’s advances in technology

Jeanne d’ Arc

Also known as Joan of arc

Jeanne d’ Arc

17 yr old french peasant girl

Jeanne d’ Arc

saw a vision from god saying that she must save france by making king charles VII the king of england.

Jeanne d’ Arc

named “maid of the orleans”

Jeanne d’ Arc

was burnt to death

tudor dynasty

a dynasty that was under henry VII and Henry VIII

tudor dynasty

dynasty where people made more money and lived in nice houses

otto

was named otto the great

otto

extended his power over all 5 dukes and established a strong kingdom w close time w the church

otto

his empire was named “ holy roman empire of german nation “

holy roman empire of german nation

name of otto’s empire

otto

thought of himself as the sucessor of charle magne and protector of western church and papacy

frederick I or Frederick Barbarossa

tried to assert his authority by calling his empire “ the holy roman empire “

frederick I or Frederick Barbarossa

drowned in saleph river

saleph river

where frederick I or Frederick Barbarossa drowned

frederick II

known as the best educated monarch of his time, speaking several language

frederick II

excommunicated by popes because they were nervous

Habsburg Dynasty

dynasty: beginning was 1273

Habsburg Dynasty

would rule the holy roman empire for the next 650 years

moors

conqured spain

moors

muslim practicing people

prince ferdinand of aragon and princess isabella of castile

2 most powerful leaders of spain

prince ferdinand of aragon and princess isabella of castile

were married and became king and wueeen and united their kingdom

corregidores

royal officers to govern towns and set up speical courts

spanish inquisition

where they tried and tortued thousands of people charged w heresy

united catholic monarchy

weakened spain

christopher colombus’ voyage to find a new trade route

reason of the discovery of the new world