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The smallest instrument of the string family is?
Violin
There are four families of instruments within the modern orchestra. What are they?
String, Woodwind, Brass, and Percussion
In these two time signatures, what do the upper and lower numbers represent?
3 quarter notes
The word dynamic refers to what in music?
How soft or loud. Texture of the music: thickness/thinness.
The word tempo refers to what?
The pace of the music. How fast it's going (frequency).
A sharp sign does what to a note?
Half step above regular note.
A flat does what to a note?
Half step below regular note.
The octave represents the distance of 8 pitches. What mathematical ratio is representative of the octave?
2:1
Name this symbol?
Dotted quarter note (1/4)
Name this symbol?
Whole rest
Music is notated on a series of 5 lines and 4 spaces called?
Staff
A grouping of sharps and flats at the beginning of a piece of music is called a?
Key
Ancient Greek and early church music based on early scales called?
Church modes
The major and minor scales we use today were once know as what?
Major: Ionian
Minor: Acolian
Name the two distinct types of meter?
Simple and Compound
Music that consists of many independent voices are called?
Polyphony
Music that contains only on voice and one line of interest is called?
Monophony
Music that one melodic line of interest is called?
Homophony
An ancient instrument still used today that has many keyboards, pipes, and controls variation in sounds with the use of stops is an?
Organ
Movement from one pitch to the next via half steps is technically called?
Chromatic
Who composed "Alleluia for Christmas Day"
Anonymous
Who composed "Nuper Rosarum Flores"
Guillarme du Fay
Who composed "Sederunt"
Perotin
Who composed "Epitaph of Seikilos"
Anonymous
Who composed "Can vei la lauzeta"
Bernart de Ventadorn
What is Skolion?
Drinking Song
Name 2 places where ancient music has also been discovered?
Greece/Rome
The earliest polyphonic music to have lines added above the chant line was called?
Organum
Which Pope began the codification of the Latin/Catholic Mass was started by which pope?
Pope Gregory the Great
At the cathedral of Notre Dame a system for notating rhythm was devised. What was this system called and who devised it?
Polyphonic, Perotin
What is the name given to the group of French nobleman that excelled at writing songs and poetry about courtly love and romance?
Troubadours
What language did French nobleman (troubadours) write in?
Oxitan
The composer Philip De Vitry contributed music to one of the great Medieval works of literature. What was the name of this work?
Roman de Favel
By the end of the Middle ages what two intervals had been accepted as consonance?
3rd and 6th
Who composed "Agnus Dei Hercules"?
Des Prez
Who composed "Ein Feste Burg"?
Martin Luther
Who composed "De plus en plus"?
Binchois
Who composed "Agnus Dei"?
Palestrina
What does the word Renaissance mean?
"Rebirth"
How would you describe dissonance?
Harsh sound (unpleasing"
Ex: Seconds/7th or 3rd
What is the major polyphonic secular song of the Renaissance called?
Madrigal
A series of musical inventions including Points of Imitation are credited to which Renaissance composer?
Des Prez
The composer is believed to have saved polyphonic music in the catholic church. What was his name?
Giovanni P. Palestrina
Ein feste burg is an example of what style of music?
Chorale
What is the name of major philosophical movement of the Ranaissance?
Humanism
When a dissonance is reolved by motion back to the note it came from, it is called what kind of note?
Neighbor Note
A group of musicians and thinkers that began a movement in Florence which led to the creation of Opera was called?
Florentine Camerata
Monteverdi composed?
"Orfeo"
Bach composed?
"Ach Golgatha"
Mozart composed?
"Piano concerto #17"
Gluck composed?
"Orfeo and Euridice"
Vivaldi composed?
"La Primavera"
Lully composed?
"Armide"
The Baroque composer sought to move the emotions of his listeners by using certain musical elements. The various techniques used became known as?
Doctrine of Affections
A formal structure in music closely associated with the Concerto. What is the name of this form?
Ritornello Form
The renaissance gave rise to new philosophical outlook called Humanism. What new philosophical ,movement stirred in the Classical period?
The Enlightment
What does the word Baroque mean?
Portuguese word "barroco", means irregular shaped pearl
The new, more simple, style of music of the Classical period, that sought as its main aim "to please" was called what style?
Gallant Style
What name is used for a large multi-movement work consisting of soloists, orchestras and chorus which uses stories taken mostly from The Old Testament for its narrative?
Oratorio
The major three-part formal plan that composers used for solo/aria, in Italian opera, during the Baroque period was called?
De Capo
A work for a group of soloist and orchestra is called what?
Concerto Grosso
A formal structure in which a theme is presented and then altered throughout the rest of the composition is called?
Theme and Variations
A famed composer of the Baroque who began and then left priest-hood, to serve as a composer/music teacher at the Hospital of pieta, and orphanage for young girls?
Vivaldi
I am an Italian born composer. I altered my name/presided over the music of the court of Louis XIV. I am largely remembered for my contribution to Tragedie Lyrique?
Lully
I am German composer who served in many cities before residing in Leipzig. I am mostly remembered for my contributions to Church music and music for the keyboard?
Bach
I am a composer that worked in two periods and was the first master of a new style of stage music called opera. My operas are still performed today. I lived most of my life in Venice and composed amongst others and opera called "Orfeo".
Monteverdi
I am a composer born in Bohemia, now modern day Germany. I spent most of my life composing Italian opera. Toward the end of my career I sought about reforming opera in an attempt to bring the styles of Italian and French opera more closely together?
Gluck
I am German composer who is mostly remembered from my contributions to Italian opera. I was also at the forefront of a new style of music drama called Oratorio?
Handell
Define Chanson
French word for song
Who composed "Cruda Amarilli"?
Monteverdi
Who valued gymnastics and music? He said it perfected the body and the mind.
Plato
Alto
the lowest female voice range, also called contralto
Bass
lowest male voice register
Crescendo
getting loud
Decrescendo
getting soft
Musical tone
regular, predictable pulsations, of sound.
4 basic definitive characteristics: frequencey, volume, timbre, and duration
Noise
irregular sound
Amplitude
furthest distance a vibrating object travels
Frequency
speed/rate
Pitch
highness/lowness of sound
Chromatic
set of 12 pitches represented by all white/black keys on piano w/in octave
Interval
distance between two pitches
How many keys on a piano
88
Atonal
lacks tonal center
Dots to the right of note increase the note by?
half a note
Points of Imitation
use of imitation for just the first few notes or phrase of a melody
Brass Family
Trumpet, Horn, Trombone, Tuba
String Family
Violin, Viola, Cello, Bass
Woodwind Family
Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon
Percussion Family
Timpani
Church Modes (Greek)
1.) Ionian: Modern Major
2.) Dorian
3.) Phrygian
4.) Lydian
5.) Mixolydian
6.) Aeolian: Modern Minor
7.) Locrian
Structure of Music
1.) Melody
2.) Form
3.) Texture
4.) Motive
4 basic properties
1.) frequency
2.) timbre/tone color
3.) amplitude
4.) duration
Fugue
polyphonic composition est. by # of voices build on single principle called subject
Secular song
song not meant for church
Intermezzo's
short opera's, written by Pergolesi
Tragedie-Lyrique
french operas, ballets etc
Handel used what type of genre to rise out of opera?
Oratorio: like opera, but no theatrical acts/costumes, and sang about bible stories
Octtant
8 notes to choose from
Who is Periton?
composed music for the cathedral
started revolution in music (chorus)
simultaneous notes: chords
notating rhythm
Note
Flashcard