history

a state without government and laws

Anarchy

an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control

Government

a group of people united by bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes, religion

Nation

a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government

state/country

the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

Sovereignty

speculation based on study

Theory

the idea that people are chosen by a god or gods to rule

Divine Right

one who engages in the pursuit of wisdom

Philosopher

theory that by contract, people surrender to the state the power needed to maintain order and the state, in turn, agrees to protect its citizens

Social Contract

a government that gives all key powers to the national or central government

Unitary System

a loose union of independent states

Confederacy

a government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments

Federal System

a plan that provides the rules for government

Constitution

a government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern

Constitutional Government

controlling all aspects of citizens' economic, political, and social lives

Authoritarian

a system of government in which the government has total control

Totalitarianism

a gathering

Assembly

a system of government in which power is in the hands of one person who has total control

Dictatorship

a system of government in which a small group holds power

Oligarchy

a system of government in which a king, queen, or emperor exercises supreme powers of government

Monarchy

government in which the people rule

Democracy

a government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected representatives, responsible to the people, exercise that power

Republic

establishment practice, or social organization

Institution

the study of how people and nations use their limited resources to attempt to satisfy wants and needs

Economics

rule or procedure that has the force of law

Regulation

an economic system in which private citizens own and use the factors of production in order to generate profits

Capitalism

people who purchase and use goods and services

Consumers

economic system in which buyers and sellers make free choices in the marketplace

Free Market

the opportunity to control one's own economic decisions

Free Enterprise

the philosophy that government should keep its hands off the economy

Lassiez-faire

a system in which the government regulates private enterprise

Mixed Economies

an economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services such as health care and welfare

Socialism

a socialist who is committed to democracy but wants government involvement in the distribution of wealth

Democratic Socialist

an economic system in which the government controls the factors of production

Command Economy

capitalists who own the means of production

Bourgeoisie

workers who produce the goods

Proletariat

an economic system in which the factors of production are collectively owned and the central government directs all major economic decisions

Communism

Most humans can not function and would not choose to live in \_______ and \______, where \______ rule the land through \________ and \_______. This is \_________.

chaos, turmoil, mobs, might, violence, anarchy

Governments Provide

Leadership, Order, Security and Defense, Public Services, and Economic Assistance and Economic Security

Governments set priorities and make decisions, and they maintain \_________.

order

Nearly any group, people will \_______ and some may take \________ of others

disagree, advantage

Provide some sort of \______ \________ force, \_________ or \__________ \________ to enforce laws and keep the peace

domestic security, police, national guard

Governments \_______ public services and promote public health and safety

provide

Governments provide things such as:

Create schools, build water lines, roads, hospitals

Governments provide National \_________ to protect the people against \_______ \________

security, external threats

Governments \________ the economic security of their people and may provide \_____________ to those in need

protect, assistance

A state has sovereignty, which means that:

its government makes and enforces its own laws

States in today's political world share four essential features:

Population, Territory, Sovereignty, and Government

states must have people

population

a state must have established boundaries

territory

the key characteristics of a state; means states have supreme and absolute authority within its boundaries

sovereignty

Some scholars believe that the notion of state evolved from the family. Ex: Abraham: "father to many nations"

evolutionary theory

States emerged when people needed to cooperate to survive but could become organized when one or more people took control

force theory

The idea that certain people are chosen by a god or gods. Particularly to European Monarchs in the 1600-1700's

divine right theory

Believed states existed to protect and serve the people without a state or Government, people would live in a "state of nature" and life will be nasty, brutish, and short

social contract theory

All governments reflect their societies \_______ and \________

history, culture

All societies must \_________ their governments to carry out important functions

organize

3 Main Forms of Government

Unitary System
Confederacy
Federal System

Unitary System: the only powers that \_________ or \________ governments have are those expressly given to them by the central government

states, local

Unitary System-
Advantage:
Disadvantages:
Examples:

centralized power, less power given to localities. Japan, France, Bolivia

Confederacy System-
Advantage:
Disadvantage:

the power it gives to the states, weak central power

The United States developed a \_______ \________ when it wrote its \____________

federal system, Constitution

Federal System-
Advantages:
Disadvantages:

It shares power among different levels of government while still having more centralized power than its confederated system, each level of government can make its own laws

The constitution sets out \________ that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share

ideals

The constitution establishes the basic \_______ of government and details the government's \______ and \________

structure, powers, duties

The constitution provides the supreme \________ of the country

law

A Constitutional government is \________ because the constitution places limits on the powers of government officials

limited

Constitutions are important but \_________ guides to how a country is actually governed

incomplete

Monarchy-
Ancient time:
Autocrats:
Example:

was sanctioned by religion, Monarchs who maintained power through intimidation and or force, Swaziland

Democracies derive their power from the \_______ and \________ of their people

consent, trust

Democracies can be \______ or \_________

direct, indirect

A government in which all citizens cast a vote directly on government issues and laws

direct democracies

The people elect representatives and give them the power to make laws and conduct government

indirect democracies

THE UNITED STATES WE HAVE A \_________ DEMOCRACY THAT DOES NOT HAVE A \________ IN CHARGE: MAKES US A \________

representative, monarch, republic

In a true democracy, \_________ is more than a right it is a duty and \______ citizen participation builds a \_________ democracy

participation, effective, stronger

Democracy depends on a \_______ transfer of \________ from one set of leaders to the next, so \________ the results of a free and fair election is essential

peaceful, power, accepting

Everyone must \_______ the \________ and will be \_____ accountable if they \_______ it

obey, law, held, violate

\_______ and \_________ officials are responsible for their actions and have to be accountable to the people

elected, appointed

You can not have a democracy with one party, you have to have more than one

competing political parties

There is not enough of \______ for \________ to have everything they \______

anything, everyone, want

Governments play key roles in economics and every economy has \_________, \_________, \_________, \________, \_________, and \___________

producers, distributors, consumers, labor, resources, capital

People who make goods and services to sell

producers

People who get products to buyers

distributors

People who purchase and use goods and services

consumers

The work people do or the worker themselves

labor

Natural materials such as land and water, as well as human knowledge and labor needed to make something

resources

The money or resources necessary to purchase or invest in production

capital

Risk-taking individuals who use or combine the other factors that take the risk for the possibility of profits

entrepreneurs

Economic systems are \____ either by how the economics work or by the political \_______ that is connected to the economy

classified, ideology

The goal of Capitalism is to create a \_______ \_______ where \________ and \_________ are free to make their economic decisions

free market, buyers, sellers

\________ \_______ \________ like that under capitalism, government places no limits on the \________ of buyers and sellers to make their economic decisions

Free Market Economy, freedom

Origins of Capitalism

Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations

In capitalism the government takes a \____________ approach: "to let alone"

laissez-faire

In capitalism the \_______ \_______ will move the market where it needs to go

Invisible Hand

You must have \_______ to have capitalism

competition

Sometimes, a country can shift from one type of \_________ to another

economy

The economic system of the United States has shifted as the \_______ \________ has grown, has become more involved in \_________ \____________ and has created programs to provide basic \________ security

Federal Government, regulating industries, economic

Under Socialism, the government determines the use of \_______, \________ \_________ and \_________ and provides \_______ \________ for its people

resources, distribute products, wages, social services

Socialist believe in political democracy but want \_______ to regulate the distribution of \________

government, wealth

Under \__________ \__________, citizens have basic \_________ rights, but the government makes economic decisions and may own \______ \__________

Democratic Socialism, democratic, key industries