Science Hereditary and Adaptation

Allele

A possible variation of a gene.

Chromosome

You have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes are coiled and compacted DNA.

DNA

Dna carries unique genetic information.

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.

Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

Dominant

An allele that is always expressed when present.

Recessive

an allele that is only expressed when there is two of them present.

Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

Phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits that are determined by the genotype.

#1 Method of asexual reproduction

Binary Fission

#2 Method of asexual reproduction

Budding

#1 Method of sexual reproduction

Internal fertilization

#2 Method of sexual reproduction

External fertilization

Advantages of asexual reproduction

• Only 1 parent is needed

• Requires less time and energy

• More offspring are produced quickly

Advantages of sexual reproduction

• More genetic variation

• Species can evolve over time

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

• Lots of competition for food and space

• Negative mutations will be passed on to offspring

• Entire populations can be killed off at once

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

• Population grows slower

• Requires time and energy

• Only half the population can give birth