Pre IB Chemistry - Matter

Solid

form of matter with its own definite shape and volume

liquid

form of matter that flows, has its own definite shape and volume & takes shape of container

gas

flows to conform to shape of container and fills entrie volume of container

vapor

gaseous state of a substance that’s solid/liquid at room temperature

physical property

characteristic that can be observed/measured without changing the sample’s composition

extensive property

dependent of amount of substance present (mass, length, volume), property of matter

intensive property

independent of amount of substance present (density) & can be used to identify samples since they’re unchanging, property of matter

chemical property

ability or inability of a substance to combine w/ 1 or more substances

characteristics of a substance

particles, volume, shape —→ liquid, gas, solid, or plasma?

physical change

alters a substance w/o changing it’s composition

phase change

a transition of matter from one state to another

• freezing water,

• grinding coffee beans

chemical change

substances change into other substances

• silver spoon tarnishes

• rusting

usually energy is absorbed/released, color changes, gas produced, formation of a precipate, irreversibility

law of conservation of mass

mass is not created nor destroyed it’s conserved

element

pure substance that can’t be separated into simpler substances

compound

made up of +2 different elements combined chemically

law of definite proportions

a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass

percent by mass

ratio of mass to each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentag

substance

form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition, aka pure substance

heterogenous mixture

doesn’t blend smoothly and individual substances remain distinct

homogenous mixture

constant composition throughout; always has a single phase, ex solution

solution

can be all three states of matter

filtration

uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

distillation

a physical separation technique that’s based on substances’ boiling points

sublimation

solid changes to vapor without melting

cromatography

separates components of a mixture dissolved in either gas or liquid based on the ability of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of a fixed substance

crystallization

a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance

alloy

homogenous mixture of metals and it helps with srength and durability in manufacturing

mixture

made of two or more substances with the individual properties maintained

plasma

is ionized gas, makes up 90% of visible universe, is a conductor

Classification of matter