Canine Pelvic Limb: Osteology

Four parts of the pelvic limb

1.) pelvic girdle

2.) thigh

3.) crus/leg

4.) pes

bone of the pelvic girdle

os coxae

bone of the thigh

femur

bones of the crus/leg

tibia and fibula

bones of the pes

tarsi, metatarsi, and phalanges

Hip joint

ball and socket joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone

Where is the flexor surface of the hip joint?

cranial aspect

Stifle

knee joint; formed by the femur, tibia, and patella

Where is the flexor surface of the stifle?

caudal aspect

Where is the flexor surface on the tarsus?

cranial aspect

Where is the flexor surface on the digits?

plantar side

The extensor surface for each joint will be __________ of the flexor surface

opposite

*for example, the extensor surface of the hip joint will be the caudal aspect, since its flexor surface is the cranial aspect

Four main bones of the os coxae

1.) ilium

2.) ischium

3.) pubis

4.) acetabulum

ilium

largest and most superior past of the os coxae

Six parts of the ilium

1.) wing

2.) body

3.) iliac crest

4.) tuber coxae

5.) tuber sacrale

6.) greater ischiatic notch

wing of the ilium

the upper flaring portion of the ilium that looks like a fan

body of the ilium

handle of the fan, superior part of the acetabulum

iliac crest of the ilium

superior border of ilium

tuber coxae of the ilium

has two prominences; the cranial and caudal ventral iliac spines

tuber sacrale of the ilium

dorsomedial projection of the wing of ilium

greater ischiadic notch of the ilium

long notch running along the caudal border of the ilium

ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

Four parts of the ischium

1.) ischiatic tuberosity

2.) ischiatic spine

3.) lesser ischiadic notch

4.) sacrotuberous ligament

ischiatic tuberosity of the ischium

the bony protuberance at the bottom of the ischium where the hamstring muscles attach

ischiatic spine of the ischium

a bony projection on the ischium that is located between the greater and lesser sciatic notches

lesser ischiadic notch of the ischium

a small notch located on the dorsal (top) border of the ischium bone, between the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity

sacrotuberous ligament of the ischium

a tough, triangular ligament that connects the sacral and caudal vertebrae to the ischial tuberosity

pubis

a bone that forms the ventral and anterior part of the pelvis, joining with the other pelvic bones (ilium and ischium)

Two parts of the pubis

1.) illiopubic eminence

2.) pubic tubercle

illiopubic eminence of the pubis

bony prominence on the pelvic bone where the ilium and pubis meet

pubic tubercle of the pubis

a median bump on the underside of the pubic symphysis

acetabulum

large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

Two parts of the acetabulum

1.) acetabular fossa

2.) acetabular notch

acetabular fossa

circular depression located deep in the acetabulum; where the ligament for the head of femur attaches

acetabular notch

incomplete wall on the inferior surface of the acetabulum

obturator foramen

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial bones

pelvic symphysis

cartilaginous joint between the two halves of the pelvis

Eight parts of the proximal femur

1.) head

2.) neck

3.) fovea capitis femoris

4.) greater trochanter

5.) lesser trochanter

6.) third trochanter

7.) trochanteric fossa

8.) intertrochanteric crest

head of the femur

articulates with the acetabulum

neck of the femur

connects the rounded head to the main shaft of the bone

fovea capitis femoris of the femur

where the ligament of the head of the femur attaches

greater trochanter of the femur

large, bony prominence at the top of a dog's femur

lesser trochanter of the femur

bony prominence located on the inner (medial) side of the femur

third trochanter of the femur

right below the greater trochanter

trochanteric fossa of the femur

deep notch between the root of the greater trochanter and the head of femur

intertrochanteric crest of the femur

ridge between the two trochanters on the posterior surface

Body of the femur

The shaft of the femur; long straight middle section of bone.

Four parts of the distal femur

1.) medial condyle

2.) lateral condyle

3.) intercondylar fossa

4.) trochlea

medial condyle of the femur

on the same side of the head of the femur; one of two rounded projections on the bottom of the femur that forms the stifle (knee) joint with the tibia

lateral condyle of the femur

outer, rounded projection at the bottom of the thigh bone that forms part of the stifle (knee) joint

intercondylar fossa of the femur

deep depression located between the condyles and beneath the popliteal surface

trochlea of the femur

articular groove containing the patella located cranially on the femur

Two sesamoid bones of the stifle joint:

1.) patella

2.) fabella

patella

sesamoid bone located cranially

fabella

sesamoid bones located laterally and medially

Two fabella bones

1.) gastrocnemius

2.) popliteal

The tibia and fibula are fully connected _________ and tightly connected _________

distally; proximally

The fibula is on the _________ side

lateral

Five parts of the tibia:

1.) medial condyle

2.) lateral condyle

3.) intercondylar eminence

4.) tibial tuberosity

5.) medial malleolus

medial condyle of the tibia

medial, larger condyle of the top of the tibia

lateral condyle of the tibia

lateral, smaller condyle of the top of the tibia; on the side of fibula

intercondylar eminence of the tibia

irregular projection located between the two condyles proximally

tibial tuberosity of the tibia

attachment of patellar ligament; large bump on the cranial aspect

medial malleolus of the tibia

medial process on distal end, forms medial bump of ankle

Lateral malleolus of the fibula

distal end of the fibula bone and forms a prominent knob on the outside of the ankle joint (hock)

The tarsal bones have three parts:

1.) proximal row

2.) central tarsal bone

3.) distal row

Two parts of the proximal row of tarsal bones

1.) calcaneus

2.) talus

calcaneus

large heel bone

tuber calcenei of the calcaneus

calcaneal process; large process located proximally on the calcaneus

talus

ankle bone

trochlea of the talus

site of articulation with the tibia

central tarsal bone

articulates with the talus

Four parts of the distal row of tarsal bones

1.) first tarsal bone

2.) second tarsal bone

3.) third tarsal bone

4.) fourth tarsal bone

fourth tarsal bone

articulates with the calcaneus; articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals

third tarsal bone

articulates with metatarsal three

second tarsal bone

articulates with metatarsal two

first tarsal bone

sometimes present, sometimes not

Joint between the proximal row of talus bones and the other tarsal bones

proximal inter tarsal joint

How many metatarsal bones are there?

five (II-V are always present, I may or may not be present)

Each metatarsal bone has three parts:

1.) base

2.) body

3.) head

base of metatarsal bone

articulates with tarsals

head of metatarsal bone

articulates with the phalanges

proximal sesamoid bones

located where the metatarsals meet with the phalanges

How many sets of phalanges are there?

four

Proximal phalanges

phalanges closest to the metatarsals

Middle phalanges

largest part of the phalange

Distal phalanges

the nail

Two parts of distal phalanges

1.) ungual crest

2.) ungual process

ungual crest

where the nail attaches

ungual process

inside the nail