Bio 345: Ch. 1

which of these phenomena can be explained using concepts devleloped by Darwin in On the Origin of Species?

• successful domestrication of crop plants + animals

• development of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens

• similarity in skeletal structures between great apes & humans

• evolutionary stability of populations with 1:1 sex ratios

fitness

relative survivial rate and reproductive success of organisms in a population

evolution

descent w/ modifications

mutation

change to a DNA sequence

phenotype

observable & measurable characteristics of organisms

descent w/ modification

passing on of traits from parent organisms to their descendants with observable changes over generations

observable approaches

• to infer the phlyogeny of the lycaenid butterflies, a researcher gathers DNA sequences from many species

• snout to vent length measurements an skull length measurements are compared in fossorial and arboreal lizards

manipulative approaches

• pollinator visit rate is compared between flowers receiving natural light and flowers receiving no UV light

• ability of E. coli to metabolize critic acid is compared between 2 sister strains containing diff quantities of citric acid

• male mosquito fish are either unaltered or the gonopodium is shorten to see if the organ plays a role in female mate choice

One of the effects of climate change is the dramatic shift in annual temperature, which has led many animals to change their migration patterns and thus alter the timing of reproduction when they return to their spring range. One such example is that of tree swallows. Refer to the graph below, which shows the change in egg laying dates for tree swallows.

Colder temperatures result in reduced activity of flying insects, the primary food source for tree swallows. This lack of food results in the reduced survival of hatchlings

what terms refer to humans altering plants and animals by choosing to breed individuals that have desired traits over many gen?

artificial selection

phenotype

organism’s observable, measurable, characteristics called

phylogeny

tree-like graph used to represent a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships

supports hypothesis that the great apes are most closely related to humans

• similar in mode of locomotion

• similar brain size & structure

• similar in dentition

• similar in bone structure of the hands & feet

does humans and apes have the same number of chromosomes?

no, humans have 46 chromosomes and apes have 48 chromosomes

important when directly measuring fitness of a phenotype

• reproductive success of the phenotype relative to the population

• relative survival rate of the phenotype