vocab for ancient history final

Ancient to medieval history

Hannibal Barca

Carthaginian general in the 2nd Punic War, gathered an army of headhunters to fight Rome. He also tried to bring elephants to battle but it always backfired.

Paul of Tarsus

Jewish man “converted” to Christianity allegedly by Jesus himself. Could be considered a founder of Christianity

Patricians

the rich upper class population in rome

Socrates

Greek philosopher from Athens that explored ethical questions

Octavian Caesar

fought to avenge Caesar, did not make himself king because he wanted to restore the roman senate

2nd Triumvirate

Comprised of Mark Antony and Octavian after the death of Caesar and the defeat of Brutus and Cassius.

5 pillars of Islam

A list of things that all Muslims must do, put forth by Muhammed

cleisthenes

ancient Athenian lawmaker and founder of Athenian democracy

battle of thermopylae

battle between Persia and Greece, Persia won

five good emperors

Roman emperors during the best years of rome. Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius

nerva, trajan, hadrian, antoninus pius, marcus aurelius

list the 5 good emperors

punic wars

Series of 3 wars between the Roman republic and Carthage

defeat of carthage, decline of rome

results of the punic wars

council of nicaea

first council in the christian church that’s goal was to address all believers

edict of toleration

granted civil rights to calvinists, but to political rights

Julius Caesar

Part of the 1st Triumvirate, could be the first Roman emperor, involved in Galiic wars and Roman Civil wars.

diocletian

Roman emperor who issued the last and most severe persecution of Christians

constantine

Sometimes considered the first Christian emperor, signed the Edict of Milan, making the persecution of Christians illegal

stoicism

teaches development of self control to overcome destructive emotions, founded by Zeno of Citium

battle of salamis

naval battle where the greeks defeated the persian fleet

plato

ancient greek philosopher of the classical period, considered a foundational thinker in western philosophy

justinian

christian orthodox roman emperor that created a comprehensive compilation of roman law and worked to extinguish paganism

tiberius gracchus

roman politician that suggested the rich giving land to the poor

battle of actium

battle between Octavian and Mark Antony and Cleopatra, Octavian won

tetrarchy

system instituted by diocletian where rome was divide among 4 rulers, 2 emperors and 2 junior emperors