Psych Unit 1 Key terms FIA1 and IA1

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28 Terms

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IV

the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter who then measures resulting changes in the DV

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Null hypothesis

no significant difference between groups; any difference observed is caused by error

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DV

property that is measured in psychological research, to look for effects of the IV

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alternative hypothesis

hypothesis that states there will be a relationship between the IV and DV

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population

group of people about which we wish to draw conclusions

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sample

the members of the pop who have been chosen to take part int eh research

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convenience sampling

using whoever is available at the time of research

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random sampling

a sampling procedure in which every member of the pop has an equal chance of being selected

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independent groups design

allocates participants to E or C group at random

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Sd

how far on average the scores differ from the mean

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quantitative data

measurements (numerical) about variables being studied

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qualitative

descriptions of the characteristics of what is being studied

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nominal data

qualitative rather than quantitative value, no ranking or ordering of values implied

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interval data

data measured on a scale where each step is the same value, but 0 does not mean that the property does not exist

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ratio data

measurements that represent quantities in terms of equal intervals and an absolute 0 point of origin

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reliability

extent to which a measure could be expected to produce the same results under the same conditions with the same subject(s) on other occasions

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validity

extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure

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mean

average of all scores by adding up all the scores and dividing that total by the no. of scores

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median

middle no. of the data set in numerical order

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mode

most common/occurring score in data set

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E group

group that is exposed to the IV, results compared with C group so the effects of the IV can be determined

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C group

group of research participants NOT exposed to the IV variations, the results are compared with the experimental group so that the effects of the IV can be determined

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ordinal data

definite sequence but the gap between one level and next not consistent

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repeated measures design

each participant is part of E and C group. subject selection procedure

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matched participants design

attempts to eliminate confounding variables by ‘matching’ on key characteristics, each individual in the E group with an individual in the C group

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t-test

comparison of means in data that reveals how significant the differences are

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Mann-Whitney U test

used for ordinal data to test whether 2 means are = or not. test of null hypothesis. used to compare differences between groups when the DV is ordinal or continuous

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Wilcoxen signed-rank test

compares 2 sets of scores from the same data set of participants when the data is not normally distributed. alternative to t-test.