History - Apartheid resistance
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68 Terms
What does ANC stand for?
African National Congress
What does SACTU stand for?
South African Congress of Trade Unions
What does SAIC stand for?
South African Indian Congress
What does SACPO stand for?
South African Coloured People’s Organisation
What does SACOD stand for?
South African Congress of Democrats
What is the name of the white lawyer that defended anti-apartheid coloured people?
Bram Fischer
When was the Defiance Campaign?
1952
When was the Freedom Charter written?
1955
When was the Trial Treason?
1956
When did the PAC splinter away from the ANC?
1959
When was the Sharpeville Massacre?
1960
When was the resolution of 1598 (UN)?
1961
When was the Rivonia Trial?
1963
When did Mandela deliver his most famous speech?
1964
Who were the new leaders of the ANC?
Sisulu, Mandela, Tambo
When did the ‘new era’ of the ANC begin?
1948
What were the main difference between the “old era” of the ANC and the “new era”?
The old era focused on petitions, the new era focused on civil disobedience
What was the first campaign centred on civil disobedience?
Defiance Campaign
What two acts of rebellion took place during the Defiance Campaign of 1952?
Burning pass books
Entering ‘white only’ areas
How many people were arrested during the Defiance Campaign?
8500
Where did it start?
Durban
Which law was used to arrest people during the Defiance Campaign?
Suppression of Communism Act
How many people were killed during the Defiance Campaign?
14
Which law was passed due to the Defiance Campaign?
Public Safety Act
In what did the UN comment on the Defiance Campaign?
In the Resolution 1598
What did the UN call the Defiance Campaign?
A threat to peace
How many volunteers took part in the creation of the freedom charter?
50 000
What were the ANC volunteers collecting in order to create the freedom charter?
Freedom demands
What were all the freedom demands drawn up into?
A freedom charter
Give two reasons why the freedom charter was controversial?
Included cooperation with white people
Sounded communist
What idea believes the actions of individuals drive history?
Intentionalism
What idea believes individuals derive from the circumstances that were historically created.
Structuralism
What is the name of the group which support the freedom charter?
The congress of the people
Where was the freedom charter most famously read out?
Kliptown
How many people attended the reading of the freedom charter at Kliptown?
7000
How many leaders of the congress alliance were arrested during a raid for attending the Kliptown meeting?
156
Name 3 famous leaders that were put trial for treason in 1956?
Mandela, Luthuli, and Tambo
Who was the lead defence lawyer defending the 156 congress alliance leaders put on trial?
Bram Fischer
What did the PAC stand for?
Pan African Congress
What is the name of the white women organisation against apartheid?
The black sash movement
Why were the women wearing a black sash?
Mourning the death of democracy
Who was the leader of the PAC?
Subokwe
How many people attended the Sharpeville demonstration?
5000 - 20 000
Who organised the march that lead to the Sharpeville massacre?
PAC
How many people were killed?
69
What group did the ANC split into, to which Mandela was the leader of?
MK (Umkhonto we Sizwe)
What does Umkhonto we Sizwe mean in Zulu?
Spear of the Nation
Who was the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe?
Mandela
What did the PAC split into?
POQO
What does POQO mean?
Pure
Who was the leader of POQO?
Leballo
What kind of violence did the MK believe in?
Violence against property
What kind of violence did the POQO believe in?
Violence against individuals
MK wanted to undermine the ____ of the state
foundation
POQO wanted to undermine the ____ of the state
leadership
When was Mandela’s first TV interview?
1961
How many people were arrested for the Rivonia Trial?
10 leading members of the ANC
How many, and what were the charges against the leading members of the ANC at the Rivonia Trial?
221 counts of sabotage
After how many years of non-violence did Mandela say black people were forced to turn to violence?
50
Who was the leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement in the UK?
Lady Barbara Castle
What is the name of the judge at the Rivonia Trial?
Quartus de Wet
How many votes were there against the killing of political prisoners (due to the Rivonia trial) at the National Assembly?
106 to 1 (South Africa)
What did the UN threaten South Africa with if they were to kill Mandela and the other ANC leaders at the Rivonia trial?
Economic sanctions
Who is this?
Nelson Mandela
Who is this?
Albert Luthuli
Who is this?
Robert Sobukwe
Who is this?
Walter Sisulu
Who is this?
Oliver Tambo