5.4d - Selection of Categories of Psychological Disorders: Dissociative Disorders, Personality Disorders, Feeding and Eating Disorders, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

dissociative disorders

-feel detached from body/surroundings

a controversial, rare group of disorders characterized by a disruption of or discontinuity in the normal integration of

• consciousness

• memory

• identity

• emotion

• perception

• motor control

• behavior

_{^{[+body representation]}}

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities _{^{[formerly called multiple personality disorder]}}

dissociative amnesia

a disorder in which people with intact brains reportedly experience memory gaps; people with dissociative amnesia may report not remembering trauma-related specific events, people, places, or aspects of their identity and life history

_{^{-triggered by severe psychological stress/trauma, NOT head/brain injury}}

personality disorders

a group of disorders characterized by

• enduring inner experiences or behavior patterns that differ from someone’s cultural norms/expectations

• are pervasive/inflexible/stable over time

• begin in adolescence or early adulthood

• cause distress or impairment

antisocial personality disorder

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

feeding and eating disorders

a group of disorders characterized by altered consumption or absorption of food that impairs health or psychological functioning

(Feeding disorders typically occur in infants and young children, whereas eating disorders affect people who self-feed)

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, and has an inaccurate self-perception; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise _{^{[to purge/compensate]}}

neurodevelopmental disorders

central nervous system abnormalities _{^{(usually in the brain)}} that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior (as in intellectual limitations or a psychological disorder) 🧠

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication/social interaction, rigidly fixated interests, and repetitive behaviors

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity