Medical Laboratory Sciences - Immunology Chapter 1

Fill-in-the-blank practice cards covering key concepts, historical figures, cellular functions, and anatomical structures from Chapter 1 of Immunology.

The Medical Laboratory Sciences (MLS) program prepares students for the __________ certification exam.

ASCP

In 430 BC, __________ recognized that individuals who recovered from the plague could nurse the sick without becoming reinfected.

Thucydides

In 1796, Edward Jenner demonstrated that exposure to the cowpox virus, also known as __________, conferred immunity against smallpox.

vaccinia

The primary immune response involves a lag time of approximately __________ between initial infection and adaptive protection.

7 days

A normal inhabitant of the human gut that produces protective colicins is the bacterium __________.

E. Coli

The gram-positive bacterium __________ colonizes human skin in grape-like clusters of cocci and can cause pimples, boils, or food poisoning.

Staphylococcus aureus

The normal fungal inhabitant of the human body that can cause thrush and systemic infections is __________.

Candida albicans

Lysozyme accounts for approximately __________ of the total protein found in human tears.

$$40\%$$

Antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelia that destroy bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses by poking holes in pathogens are known as __________.

defensins

Localized swelling resulting from the leakage of blood plasma into infected tissues is called __________.

edema

The most abundant class of leukocytes in human blood, comprising $40\text{--}75\%$ of white blood cells, are __________.

neutrophils

Monocytes circulate in the peripheral blood for approximately __________ before entering tissues to mature into macrophages.

8 hours

An accumulation of dead neutrophils, pathogens, and tissue debris at an infection site is known as __________.

pus

Platelet production by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow is primarily regulated by the hormone __________.

thrombopoietin

Erythrocytes transport circulating immune complexes to the liver, where they are cleared by specialized liver macrophages called __________.

Kupffer cells

From months 3 to 7 of fetal life, the major site of hematopoiesis in humans is the __________.

spleen

The specific region of an antigen that is directly recognized and bound by a T-cell receptor or B-cell receptor is called an __________.

epitope

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I molecules present peptide antigens derived from __________ pathogens.

intracellular

Within the lymph node architecture, B cells reside in the outer cortex, while T cells congregate in the inner __________.

paracortex

In the white pulp of the spleen, T cells directly surround the central arteriole to form the __________.

periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

In gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), pathogens are transported directly across the mucosal epithelium by specialized cells called __________.

M cells