Homework #25

What motivated President Polk to acquire California’s harbors from Mexico?

He believed these ports would shelter American ships and promote profitable commerce with China and other East countries.

What major event in 1848 significantly contributed to California's population growth?

The discovery of gold, which initiated the California Gold Rush.

What was the impact of the Gold Rush on California’s non-Indian population by 1850?

It surged from around 7,000 in 1845 to almost 93,000.

How did the California Gold Rush affect Native American populations?

The populations declined by almost 85 percent from 1848 to 1880 due to disease and violence.

What type of mining took over as the Gold Rush progressed?

Large-scale hydraulic mining became prevalent, requiring corporate investment.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Wang-hsia (1844) for the United States?

It established trade rights for the U.S. in China, mirroring those of the British.

Who was responsible for opening Japan to trade with the United States?

Commodore Mathew Perry, who negotiated the Kanagawa Treaty in 1854.

What economic activity was dominant for the United States in the 19th century Pacific Ocean?

Whaling, which significantly contributed to American wealth and economy.

What did the U.S. gain from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848?

The acquisition of California and other territories, expanding U.S. borders to the Pacific.

How did U.S. expansion in the Pacific differ from its goals in North America?

U.S. intentions in the Pacific were more focused on establishing trade and dominance, while in North America it involved territorial acquisition and settlement.

What is Sutter's Mill known for?

Sutter's Mill is where gold was first discovered in California in 1848, sparking the Gold Rush.

What mountain range is significant to the California Gold Rush?

The Sierra Nevada mountains are where many gold discoveries were made during the Gold Rush.

What was the primary route for settlers heading west?

The Oregon and California Trails were the main routes used by settlers moving westward.

What mining technique became prevalent after the Gold Rush?

Hydraulic mining became widespread as it allowed for extensive gold extraction with corporate backing.

What industry grew from hunting whales in the 19th century?

Whaling became a major industry, providing whale oil, which was used for lighting and lubrication.

What is the title of the famous novel by Herman Melville that features whaling?

Moby-Dick is a classic novel centered around the whaling industry and the obsession with a great white whale.

Which U.S. city became a major port during the Gold Rush?

San Francisco grew rapidly to become a major port city during the California Gold Rush.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War and resulted in the U.S. acquiring California and other territories.

Who was Kamehameha III?

Kamehameha III was the king of Hawaii who ruled from 1825 to 1854 and is known for modernizing the kingdom.

What was the primary outcome of the Opium War?

The Opium War led to significant British influence in China and the signing of unequal treaties, including the Treaty of Nanking.