Chapter 29: Wilsonian Progressivism in Peace and War

from American pageant 16th edition.

Wilson's program had an all out assault on tariffs, banks, and the trusts, what did he call these three things?

"The triple wall of privilege"

After appearing before Congress, Wilson persuaded the House to pass this tariff in 1913 which reduced import fees and was also a landmark in tax legislation.

Underwood Tariff

Banking reserves were largely concentrated where during this period?

New York

Wilson's progressive attorney, played a major part of the court case of Muller v. Oregon.

Louis D. Brandeis

Brandeis published this book in 1914 which increased the want for reform in banking.

Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It

Most important piece of economic legislation between the Civil War and the New Deal, created 12 regional reserve banks and a central Federal Reserve Board.

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

Law that empowered a presidentially appointed commission to turn searchlights on industries engaged in interstate commerce.

Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914

Law that lengthened the Sherman Act's list of objectionable business practices and granted benefits on labor.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914

Term used to describe a company that holds stock in other companies to control the management of those companies.

Holding Company

Law that made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest.

Federal Farm Loan of 1916

Law that authorized loans on the security of staple crops.

Warehouse Act of 1916

Law that required decent treatment and a living wage on merchant ships.

La Follette's Seamen Act of 1915

Law that assisted federal civil service employees during periods of disability and also restricted child labor on products going into interstate commerce.

Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916

Law that established an 8 hour workday for all employees on trains in interstate commerce.

Adamson Act of 1916

In 1916, Wilson nominated this man for the Supreme Court, this man was also the first Jew to be called to the high bench.

Louis D. Brandeis

Wilson persuaded Congress to repeal this law in 1914, which had exempted American coastwise shipping from tolls.

Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912

Law that promised the Philippines independence as soon as a "stable government" could be established.

Jones Act of 1916

Political turmoil in this country made Wilson have to no longer be anti-imperialist after he dispatched marines to protect American lives and property.

Haiti

Wilson purchased this from Denmark in 1917, increasing America's maritime power.

Virgin Islands

The Mexican people overthrew the president in 1913, replacing him with this Indian general.

Victoriano Huerta

Wilson did not recognize Huerta’s regime, and instead supported these two men by supplying them with ammunition.

Venustiano Carranza and Francisco Villa

In 1914, American sailors were arrested in Mexico before promptly being released, starting increased tensions between Wilson and Mexico. Give the place where this incident occurred.

Tampico

“Pancho” Villa meanwhile was killing Americans in Mexico and New Mexico, leading Wilson to order this general to capture him.

John J. Pershing

Give the major countries part of the Central Powers during WWI

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and Bulgaria

Give the major countries part of the Allies during WWI

France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Italy

Leader of Germany during WWI

Kaiser Wilhelm II

The US was pulled out of a recession due to this man’s financing of the war, contributing $2.3 billion dollars.

J.P. Morgan

What were the German submarines during this period known as, which sank many US ships?

U-Boats

The German subs had sank many ships, this one being the most important which led many people advocating for war.

The Lusitania

Wilson’s Secretary of State who resigned after Wilson’s response to the sinking of the Lusitania.

William Jennings Bryan

Two ships that were sank by the Germans, both of which ended American lives.

The Arabic and the Sussex

Pledge given by Germany, stated that it promised to not sink ships without warning, as long as the US persuaded Britain to end their blockade.

Sussex Pledge

In the election of 1916, this Republican candidate ran against Wilson, who was also a Supreme Court Justice.

Charles Evans Hughes

Famous proposal by the Germans in 1917 to form a German-Mexican alliance against the US during WWI. However, it was intercepted, infuriating Americans.

Zimmerman Note

During WWI, a revolution had gone on in this country, where the people had overthrown the monarchy.

Russia

First congresswoman of the US who represented the state of Montana, voted to keep the US out of WWI after the Zimmerman Note.

Jeannette Rankin

Wilson’s slogan early on in the war, which contrasted heavily with his views later on.

“Peace without victory”

In January 1918, Wilson addressed Congress with these goals, in attempt to achieve world peace.

Fourteen Points Address

Wilson’s first point.

To abolish secret treaties

Wilson’s second point.

Freedom to the seas.

Wilson’s third point.

Removal of economic barriers

Wilson’s fourth point.

Reduction of armament burdens

Wilson’s fifth point.

Adjustment of colonial claims

Term meaning that groups have the right to their independence.

Self-Determination

Organization created to sell the war to people who were against it with the use of propaganda.

Committee on Public Information

Head of the Committee on Public Information.

George Creel

Law that made it illegal to interfere with the military or to support US enemies.

Espionage Act of 1917

Law that made it so it was illegal to criticize the government or military in any way that could be disloyal.

Sedition Act of 1918

Famous socialist who was tried under the Espionage Act and sentenced to ten years, but was then pardoned by future president Warren G. Harding.

Eugene V. Debs

Radical organization in which many members were prosecuted for the Espionage and Sedition Acts, members were also known as the “Wobblies.”

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Supreme Court case that affirmed the legality of the Espionage and Sedition Acts.

Schenck v. United States

Agency that was made during the war to manage the economy and industry, was disbanded right after the war ended.

War Industries Board

Head of the War Industries Board who was appointed by Wilson, was also a stock speculator.

Bernard Baruch

Appointed by Wilson to be the head of the Food Administration during WWI. He increased farm production and food exports.

Herbert C. Hoover

Organization that unionized workers leading to better working conditions, supported WWI, and had 3 million members by the wars end.

American Federation of Labor (AF of L)

Founder of the American Federation of Labor.

Samuel Gompers

Famous long-term event in which millions of African Americans migrated to the North from the South in search of employment.

Great Migration

A huge strike that effected this industry in 1919, consisted of more than 250,000 people and resulted in dead workers.

Steel

Women who led the National Women’s party in marches and hunger strikes.

Alice Paul

Amendment passed in 1920 which gave all women the right to vote.

Nineteenth Amendment

Law that provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care.

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act of 1921

Name for the US forces that fought in Europe during WWI.

American Expeditionary Forces

Name of the group who seized power after the Russian Revolution.

Bolsheviks

The Allied nations united under one commander, whose axiom was “To make war is to attack.”

Ferdinand Foch

The first significant engagement that US troops had in Europe, thousands of soldiers were sent to the breach at this location.

Chateau-Thierry

The AEF and Foch’s army joined together in this battle that marked the beginning of German withdrawal.

Second Battle of the Marne

The biggest battle in US history at this point, led by general John J. Pershing and consisted of more than 1 million US soldiers.

Meuse-Argonne offensive

The AEF only fought two major battles at Meuse-Argonne and this place.

St. Mihiel

Famous Republican Senator and chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations who was not included in Wilson’s official party and opposed his idea of the League of Nations.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Conference where countries negotiated the shape of the world after WWI.

Paris Conference

Nickname given to the Allies inner clique, with Wilson representing the US.

Big Four

Organization proposed by Wilson that would contain an assembly of seats for all countries and a council to be controlled by the great powers.

League of Nations

Seaport that Italy and Yugoslavia argued over, with Wilson insisting that it should go to Yugoslavia.

Fiume

Treaty that officially ended WWI, mainly focused on punishing Germany for its actions rather than reconciliation, would be used by Hitler to gain himself support.

Treaty of Versailles