microbiology

homolactic fermentation

produces only lactic acid

fermentation tests

bacteria that catabolyze carbs or protein-produce acid-pH indicator changes color/ Durham tube to detect gas (bubble)

chemoheterotrophs

obtain energy and carbon from organic chemicals/ medically and environmentally important/ animals, fungi, and protozoans

light reactions

conversion of light into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)

photoheterotrophs

use organic compounds as carbon source/ anoxygenic organisms

phototrophs

use light energy to drive ATP production

glycolysis

oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid/ produces ATP and NADH

suffix- ase

naming enzymes/ grouped based on reaction they catalyze

electron transport chain

electrons transferred on membrane that releases energy to generate ATP

reduction

gain of electrons

ribozymes

RNA that functions as a catalyst by binding to substrates and acting upon them

noncompetitive inhibitors

interacts with another part of enzyme rather than the active site

holoenzyme

apoenzyme plus cofator (whole active enzyme)

products

substrate that is rearranged and transfomed/ released from enzyme

cofactor

non protein part of enzyme

metabolic pathways

extracts energy from organic compounds/ stores energy as ATP

metabolism

build up and break down of nutrients w/in the cell

activation energy

collision energy required for chemical reactions to occur

substrate

reactants/ contacts enzymes active site to form an enzyme-substrate complex