Sociology Unit 1 (Chapter 1 & 2)

Barnum effect

People tend to believe in descriptions of their personality that could in fact describe almost anyone.

Hawthore effect

People tend to act better or how they think they should act while being watched. "Haww I'm being watched"

interpretive sociology

the study of society that focuses on discovering the meanings people attach to their social world

Structural/Functional approach

a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Think of a body each part of the body has a function to make a whole human

Social Conflict Theory

a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change. Some people have advantages while others are disadvantaged

Latent Functions

unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern. That's the last thing I wanted to happen

Manifest Functions

the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern. Man I wanted that to happen

Positvism

study of society based on scientific observations of social behavior

High-Income Countries

the nations with the highest overall standards of living, produce most goods and services

Middle-Income Countries

nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole. Most social inequality, some very rich while others very poor

Low-Income Countries

nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor. Majority of people are poor and hardly getting by, poor housing, unsafe water, too little food.

Seeing the general in the particular

seeing general patterns of behavior in particular groups

Seeing the strange in the familiar

initially strange ideas that society shapes what we think and do

Single-Blind Experiment

an experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment but experimenters know

Double-Blind Experiment

an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

Independent Variable

the variable that is changed

Dependent Variable

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Control Group

the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.

Experimental Group

the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested

Correlation Coefficient

A scale from 1 to -1, .5 (or -.5) and greater is strong

Positive Correlation

both variables either increase or decrease together

Negative Correlation

as one variable increases, the other decreases

Mean

average

Median

Midpoint of data, 50th percentile

Mode

most frequently occurring score

Mores

accepted standards and customs of a social group. Right Vs. Wrong. Morals

Folkways

norms for routine or casual interaction, Right Vs. Rude.

Ideal Culture

the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

Real Culture

actual behavior patterns of members of a group

Hunting and Gathering Societies

the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food

Horticulture and Pastoralism Societies

the use of hand tools to raise crops and domestication of animals. More belief in God

Agriculture Societies

large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources. Most inequality

Industrial Societies

the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery

Postindustrial Societies

the production of information using computer technology

Popular Culture

cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population

High Culture

cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite

Multiculturalism

promoting culture equal standing

Counterculture

A culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture. I.E Amish

3 Ways Culture is Spread

D.I.D
Diffusion- Spreading of culture to another or within a culture
Invention- New things shifting the culture
Discovery- Changes to things that already exist

Ethnocentrism

evaluation of other cultures according your own culture

Cultural Relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

How Rock Demonstrates Cultural Spread

A combination of jazz, blues, gospel from African Americans and western and country from white people. the crossover with mainstream pop and add in jazz, blues, country and western.

Sociobiological

Explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture, survival of the fittest, from Charles Darwin

Sociological Imagination

When someone will blame the social status rather than take the blame for themselves. like in a recession people don’t blame themselves

Symbolic Interaction

looking at a small group and seeing how they see the world, micro level

Sub Culture

a small group of people that have their own culture different from the pop culture. like pokemon or