Heart & Peripheral Vascular System - Vocabulary Flashcards (Video)

50 vocabulary-focused flashcards covering cardiovascular and peripheral vascular concepts from the video notes.

Objective data

Information observed using the senses or measurements.

Subjective data

What the patient tells you about symptoms.

Vital signs

Key measurements: blood pressure, heart rate, respirations, and SpO2.

Pulse oximetry (SpO2)

Oxygen saturation percentage in the blood.

Perfusion

Delivery of oxygenated blood to tissues, supporting cell function.

Inspection

Visual observation for abnormalities.

Palpation

Touch to assess texture, temperature, pulses, and tenderness.

Auscultation

Listening to internal sounds with a stethoscope.

S1 (first heart sound)

Lub; closure of the mitral/tricuspid valves; marks start of systole.

S2 (second heart sound)

Dub; closure of the aortic/pulmonary valves; marks end of systole.

Murmur

Abnormal heart sound from turbulent blood flow.

Click

An extra heart sound often from valve abnormalities.

Gallop

Abnormal extra heart sounds (S3/S4) indicating heart failure or stiff ventricles.

Bruit

Turbulent flow sound heard over a vessel, suggesting narrowing.

PMI (Point of Maximal Impulse)

Location of the apical impulse; where to auscultate the heartbeat.

Aortic area

2nd right intercostal space at the sternal border; auscultation site for the aortic valve.

Pulmonic area

2nd left intercostal space; auscultation site for the pulmonic valve.

Erb’s point

3rd left intercostal space; listening site for heart sounds.

Tricuspid area

4th left intercostal space near the sternum; tricuspid valve auscultation site.

Mitral area

5th left intercostal space near the midclavicular line; mitral valve auscultation.

Carotid arteries

Major neck arteries supplying the brain; assess pulses and bruits.

Jugular venous distention (JVD)

Visible neck vein distention indicating elevated central venous pressure.

External jugular vein

Superficial vein along the neck used in bedside assessment.

Radial pulse

Palpable pulse at the radial artery in the wrist.

Brachial pulse

Palpable pulse at the brachial artery in the arm.

Femoral pulse

Palpable pulse of the femoral artery in the groin.

Popliteal pulse

Palpable pulse behind the knee.

Posterior tibial pulse

Pulse behind the medial malleolus.

Dorsalis pedis pulse

Pulse on the dorsum of the foot.

Pulse amplitude

Strength/quality of a pulse; often rated on a scale.

Capillary refill

Time for color to return after blanching; normal is <3 seconds.

Doppler

Ultrasound device used to detect pulses when they are not palpable.

DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)

Blood clot in a deep vein, causing pain, warmth, and swelling.

Varicose veins

Dilated superficial veins; risk factors include age and standing.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein; warmth, tenderness, and redness.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Arterial insufficiency causing decreased pulses, cool extremities, hair loss, and ulcers.

Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)

Venous insufficiency causing edema, skin changes, and ulcers near the medial malleolus.

Arterial ulcers

Ulcers due to arterial insufficiency; commonly at toes or feet with sharp margins.

Venous ulcers

Ulcers due to venous disease; near medial malleolus with irregular margins.

Hair distribution

Pattern of hair growth on legs; changes can indicate arterial disease.

Skin temperature

Cool or warm skin; a perfusion indicator.

Skin color changes

Discoloration such as pallor, cyanosis, or rubor related to perfusion.

Edema

Excess fluid in tissues; can be pitting or dependent.

Pitting edema

Edema that leaves a depression when pressed; graded 1+ to 4+.

Dependent edema

Fluid accumulation in gravity-dependent areas (e.g., legs when upright).

Orthopnea

Shortness of breath when lying flat; a sign of heart failure.

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Heart’s reduced ability to pump effectively, causing congestion and edema.

Atherosclerosis

Plaque buildup in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.

Daily weights

Daily body weight measurement to monitor fluid volume status.

Pulse rhythm

Regular or irregular heartbeat rhythm.