pharm final

When combined with other drugs, the effectiveness of certain drugs (such as carbamazepine, phenobarbital, rimfampin) is reduced as well as the effectiveness of other drugs. This occurs by:

stimulating hepatic microsomal enzymes

The cause of death from overdose of any central nervous system depressant is usually?

respiratory depression

A drug that causes xerostomia is:

an anticholinergic agent

All of the following medications may be prescribed as an anticoagulant to persons with valvular heart defects EXCEPT?

Ibuprofen

A patient who had a myocardial infarction 3 years ago is taking a medication to thin his blood, and one to treat hypertension. His blood pressure is 140/88, and he is not allergic to penicillin. What statement is TRUE regarding the patient's need for antibiotic premedication.

The patient does not require premedication

All of the following classes of drugs may be used to treat an allergic reaction except one. What is the EXCEPTION?

antibiotics

Which of the following is the MOST effective antitussive medication?

codeine

Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories may reduce the effectiveness of:

Calcium channel blockers

An infection in an area can prevent the accumulation of effective concentrations of local anesthetic solution because of:

low tissue pH

Ibuprofen (Motrin) is a useful:

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent

The first-pass effect describes the ________.

metabolism of drugs by the liver

Which of the following actions is NOT a potential side effect of epinephrine?

bronchospasm

What does the therapeutic index indicate?

the margin of safety between the therapeutic and toxic doses

What is the MOST common metabolic emergency in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

hypoglycemia

Which of the following local anesthetics can be administered intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias?

lidocaine

Which of the following drugs should the asthmatic patient avoid?

Aspirin-containing medications

Which antibiotic should not be taken within 2 hours of ingesting dairy products?

Tetracycline

In which of the following types of diabetes is insulin always required?

Type 1

Clients receiving antihypertensive drug therapy may experience all of the following adverse reactions EXCEPT

Metallic taste

Mrs. Smith takes one baby aspirin per day to prevent heart attack. She may be at an increased risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

Inflammation

Which of the following may result from an overdose of insulin?

convulsions

From the dental practitioner's point of view, the most important side effect related to valproic acid (Depakote) is:

thrombocytopenia

A patient allergic to lidocaine (Xylocaine) should NOT be given which of the related drugs as an anesthetic?

mepivicaine (Carbocaine)

Which medication is contraindicated in young children?

aspirin

Which medication has been approved by the FDA to treat trigeminal neuralgia?

cabamazepine (Tegretol)

The most common concentration of vasoconstrictor in a local anesthetic solution is:

1:100,000

Epinephrine should be restricted for patients with:

Hypertension

Which organ plays the greatest role in absorption of orally-administered medications?

small intestine

Oral manifestations of fungal infections include all of the following EXCEPT

Drug-influenced gingivitis

The mechanism of action of local anesthetics is to

block nerve conduction by preventing nerve depolarization

An excess of which of the following hormones can be associated with an increased sensitivity to epinephrine?

thyroid

Tetracycline therapy should be avoided in all of the following EXCEPT:

Postmenopausal women

Which of the following is a nonselective beta blocker indicated for the treatment of hypertension?

propranolol (Inderal)

All of the following drugs may result in an increased amount of bleeding during scaling and root planing except one. Which if the EXCEPTION?

acetaminophen

Which medication may increase your risk of bleeding if taken with aspirin?

rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Which of the following medications can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?

Antibiotics

Which of the following should not be given to a person with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity?

Ibuprofen

Which of the following is nitroglycerin's most common side effect?

Severe headache

A patient reports that she is six months pregnant. Which of the following drugs, if prescribed for the client, would lead to a specific type of intrinsic tooth staining in the unborn child?

Tetracycline

Which of the following orally inhaled drugs is used to treat acute asthma attacks?

Albuteral

Diabetes mellitus is actually a group of disorders characterized by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex in which there is excessive production of glucocorticosteroids

Which one of the following drugs has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-platelet actions?

aspirin

Drugs with teratogenic effects can produce:

An abnormal fetus

The presence or absence of food in the GI tract can reduce the absorption of a drug from 30 percent to as much as 80 percent.

true

If a patient it allergic to penicillin and needs prophylactic antibiotic premedication prior to dental hygiene care, what premedication is the physician or dentist MOST likely to prescribe?

clindamycin

Clients taking warfarin (Coumadin) may take which of the following for pain?

Acetaminophen

Which statement about cholinergic receptors is FALSE?

Cholinergic receptors are also known as adrenergic receptors.

Which of the following is a reaction characterized by laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, and severe hypotension (shock)?

anaphylaxis

What effect can aspirin produce in the body?

GI side effects

Which of the following is an opioid drug that causes CNS depression, sedation and pinpoint pupils?

Heroin

What is the MOST common medical emergencies occurring in the dental setting?

syncope

Which of the following dental drugs often includes sulfite preservatives that may cause sensitivity among asthmatics?

Epinephrine

Which is the first drug of choice indicated in the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureas (MRSA)?

vancomycin

Which of the following substances can contribute to a patient's stomach ulcers?

aspirin

Clients taking diazepam (Valium) for anxiety should be counseled about all of the following EXCEPT?

Headache

Which of the following is the initial treatment of syncope in a dental office?

position the head lower than the feet

Drugs circulate in the blood bound to ________.

albumin

A diabetic emergency that occurs from a lack of insulin could be reflected by any of the following conditions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Glucophage

Tylenol with codeine falls into which DEA schedule of controlled substances?

Schedule III

Which would most likely be prescribed for temporal mandibular joint disorder?

Adrenocorticosteroids

Because she is taking aspirin, Mrs. Smith should be counseled regarding all of the following EXCEPT:

headache

Which of the following factors determines the dose of a drug to be administered?

patient's age
patient's weight
route of administration
patient's physical condition

Use of albuterol inhalers can cause:

Xerostomia

A client with an ASA status of _____________ should not receive dental hygiene care.

IV or greater

Which of the following is the drug of choice used to treat an opioid overdose?

naloxone

Lichen planus can be treated topically by which of the following medications?

dexamethasone (Decadron)

Which of the following anti-seizure medications is MOST LIKELY to cause drug-induced gingival enlargement?

Phenytoin

Which antiinfective is prescribed as a subclinical dose to treat periodontal disease?

doxycycline

Prophylactic antibiotic premedication prior to invasive dental or dental hygiene care may be considered for clients with a history of any of the following conditions EXCEPT?

Diabetes mellitus

All of the following need to be listed in the Medical Alert Box on a health history form EXCEPT?

Age

The first line antibiotic to treat ANUG is:

metronidazole

During periodontal debridement, a diabetic patient demonstrates sweating, tachycardia, and confusion. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?

administer oral carbohydrate

Your patient was treated for a myocardial infarction three weeks ago. What is the appropriate decision concerning dental hygiene care?

Client should be reappointed due to risk of medical emergency.

The higher the number of the therapeutic index, the more desirable it is, because it indicates that the drug has a wide margin of safety.

true

Persons who have chronic constipation should be given which of the following drugs with caution?

codeine

What is the most common side effect associated with oral hypoglycemic agents (sulfonylrureas) such as glyburide?

Hypoglycemia

If a client with asthma is taking theophylline, which of the following durgs may result in toxicity?

erythromycin

The FDA regulates prescription drugs, but not over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.

false

Which of the following hormones is released in response to hyperglycemia?

insulin

The maximum amount of epinephrine that may be administered to a patient with cardiovascular disease is:

.04 mg

Certain drugs can cause a negative effect on fetal development if taken by a pregnant woman. The term used for this negative effect is: (MO3b)

teratogenic

Which is a histamine-2 antagonist?

ranitidine (Zantac)

Aspirin has all of the following actions EXCEPT?

obundent

Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with opioid analgesics?

sedation

Penicillin's mechanism of action:

destroys the bacterial cell wall

The letters "prn" appearing on a prescription indicate that a medication is to be administered

when needed

Which of the following should be readily made available to alleviate the symptoms of an acute asthmatic attack?

albuterol

Which of the following types of patients would salicylates be a good choice for pain control?

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Fungal infections of the oral cavity can develop with systemic administration of all the following EXCEPT?

antipyretics

Which of the following drugs may reduce a person's ability to fight infection and prolong the duration of healing?

prednisone

Current research suggests that antimicrobial agents do each of the following EXCEPT:

increase the specificity of microbes

Oral corticosteroids can cause all of the following conditions that can affect dental health or therapy except

Moon face

Which of the following is not an action of aspirin?

obtundent

All of the following are chronic complication of diabetes EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Hunger, headache, pale moist skin, and feelings of dizziness and weakness

After receiving a local anesthetic injection, the patient experiences anaphylaxis. To treat this condition immediately, you use which drug of choice?

epinephrine

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps involved in the drug cycle?

secretion

Mrs. Smith does not know why she is taking rosiglitazone maleate (Avandia), a prescribed medication. What is the MOST likely reason for Mrs. Smith's prescribed medication?

Type 2 Diabetes

What can be used for prophylactic antibiotic premedication if the client is not allergic to penicillin, but cannot take oral medications?

Ampicillin

Official prescription forms used to prescribe schedule II drugs include all of the following security features except ________.

the physician's DEA number

Tachycardia is characterized by

increase in pulse rate