Exam 2 ch. 8

what are the joint classifications?

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

how moveable are synarthroses joints?

immovable

how moveable are amphiarthroses joints?

slightly moveable

how moveable are diarthroses joints?

freely moveable

what are fibrous joint bones joined by?

dense fibrous connective tissue

do fibrous joints have a joint cavity?

no

how moveable are fibrous joints?

most are immovable, depends on length of connective tissue fibers

what are cartilaginous joint bones joined by?

cartilage

do cartilaginous joints have a joint cavity?

no

how moveable are cartilaginous joints?

not highly moveable

what are synovial bones separated by?

fluid-filled joint cavity

how moveable are synovial joints?

all are diarthrotic (freely moveable)

what are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

what is an example of a suture?

skull bones join to make one unit that protects the brain

what is an example of a syndesmoses?

interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna

what is an example of a gomphoses?

teeth in alveolar sockets of mandible and maxilla bones

what is a structure associated with synovial joints that help reduce friction?

bursae

are synovial joints synarthroses, amphiarthroses or diarthroses?

diarthroses

are synovial joints generally stable or unstable?

stable

what are the 6 general features of all synovial joints?

SCARFS

• synovial fluid

• capsule

• articular cartilage

• regular blood supply

• fibrous layers

• synovial membrane

what is an example of a condylar joint?

metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) and wrist joints

what is an example of a pivot joint?

proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joints

what is an example of a hinge joint?

elbow joints, interphalangeal joints

what is an example of a saddle joint?

carpometacarpal joints of the thumb

flexion

decreases the angle of the joint

hyperextension

movement beyond the anatomical position

dorsiflexion

bending foot torward shin

plantar flexion

pointing toes

circumduction

involves flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction of limb

abdduction

away from the midline

adduction

toward the midline

lateral rotation

rotation away from the midine

what type of joint is a tempopmandibular joint?

modified hinge joint

is the temporomandibular joint stable?

it is prone to dislocation

what are the movements allowed at the temporomandibular joint?

• hinge: depression and elevation of mandible

• gliding: side-to-side grinding of of teeth

what type of joint is a glenohumeral joint?

ball and socket joint

is the glenohumeral joint stable?

dislocations are common due to the mobility in the shoulder

what are the movements allowed at the glenohumeral joint?

it is the most freely moving joint in the body

what type of joint is the elbow joint?

hinge joint

is the elbow joint stable?

it is not prone to dislocation

what movements involve the elbow joint?

flexion and extension

what kind of joint is the coxal joint?

ball and socket

is the coxal joint stable?

yes, hip dislocations are rare

what movements involve the coxal joint?

has good range of motion, but limited by the deep socket

how would you describe the knee joint?

the largest, most complex joint

what are the joints found in the knee joint?

femoropatellar, lateral, and medial

what kind of joint is the femoropatellar joint?

plane joint

what does the femoropatellar joint allow?

gliding motion during knee flexion

combined, what are the lateral and medial joints called?

tibiofemoral joint

what type of joint is the medial joint?

hinge joint

how does the tibial collateral ligament affect the knee?

it prevents rotation when the knee is extended

how does the oblique popliteal ligament affect the knee?

it stablizes the posterior knee joint

how does the patellar ligament affect the knee?

it helps doctors test the knee-jerk reflex

what are the cruciate ligaments?

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament

what does the ACL attach to?

the anterior tibia

what does the ACL prevent?

forward sliding of the tibia and stops hyperextension of the knee

what does the posterior cruciate ligament attach to?

posterior tibia

what does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

backward sliding of the tibia and forward sliding of the femur

what are common knee injuries

"can’t stop downing beer tonight alan! oscar, ryan, get lost!”

• cartilage tears

• sprains

• dislocations

• bursitis

• tendonitis

• arthritis

• osteoarthritis

• rheumatoid arthritis

• gouty arthritis

• lyme disease