P2.2.2 Melting, boiling and evaporation

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Last updated 11:17 PM on 8/1/26
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7 Terms

1
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What are the melting and boiling points in celsius for water?

  • Melting: 0°

  • Boiling: 100°


2
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Describe condensation in terms of particles

  • Gas particles lose kinetic energy and therefore move slower, moving closer together and the intermolecular forces of attraction become strong enough to hold the particles close together

  • The particles are closer together but can still move over each other


3
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Describe solidification (freezing) in terms of particles

  • As a liquid cools, particles lose kinetic energy and slow down, moving closer together and the intermolecular forces of attraction become strong enough and hold the particles closer together

  • The particles then are arranged in a fixed, regular position


4
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Describe evaporation in terms of particles

  • Evaporation is when the more energetic particles within the surface of a liquid escape to form a vapour

  • Only the more energetic particles escape first, which reduces the average energy of the molecules in the liquid since it contains less high energy particles

  • The overall temperature of the liquid drops since only the less energetic particles are left behind


<ul><li><p>Evaporation is when the more energetic particles within the surface of a liquid escape to form a vapour</p></li><li><p>Only the more energetic particles escape first, which reduces the average energy of the molecules in the liquid since it contains less high energy particles</p></li><li><p>The overall temperature of the liquid drops since only the less energetic particles are left behind</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Describe melting and boiling in terms of energy input without a change in temperature

  • When a substance is changing state (melting or boiling), the energy is not used to make particles move faster (it does not change temperature)

  • The energy is only used to weaken or break intermolecular forces of attraction holding the particles together


6
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Describe the differences between boiling and evaporation

Boiling:

  • Occurs throughout the entire liquid

  • Only at a specific temperature

  • Happens fast

Evaporation:

  • Occurs only at the surface of the liquid

  • Happens at any temperature

  • Happens slowly


7
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Describe factors affecting rate of evaporation

  1. Temperature: higher temperature means more kinetic energy for the particles, meaning more can escape (higher rate)

  2. Surface area: more surface area means more high energy particles can escape the surface at the same time (higher rate)

  3. Air movement: strong flow of air means high energy particles can be carried away faster (higher rate)