Final CSD 232

Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD)

The discipline that studies communication and its disorders, including speech and language impairments.

SLP

Speech-Language Pathologist, a professional who assesses and treats speech, language, and swallowing disorders.

Audiologist

A professional who helps manage hearing disorders and assesses hearing loss.

Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP)

The national credential required to work as an SLP, provided by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA).

Congenital disorders

Disorders that are present at birth.

Acquired disorders

Disorders that develop after birth.

Voice quality, loudness, tone, rate

Features of speech that characterize how a person's voice is perceived.

Nonverbal communication

Transferring information without using words or spoken language; includes body language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and gestures.

Artifacts

Aspects of ourselves, such as homes, cars, and clothing, that communicate something about our identity.

Communication impairment

A communication disorder, examples include stuttering, impaired articulation, and language impairment.

Phonology

The study of the sound systems of language.

Morphology

The study of the form and structure of words in a language.

Sociolinguistics

The study of how language is influenced by social factors, including cultural identity and setting.

Generative property of language

The ability to produce an infinite number of sentences using a finite set of rules.

Dynamic property of language

The concept that language evolves over time, with words entering and exiting usage.

Phoneme

The smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning.

Speech sound disorders

Disorders relating to the production of speech sounds, including substitutions, omissions, distortions, and additions.

Audiogram

A chart that displays an individual's hearing thresholds at various frequencies.

Conductive hearing loss

Hearing loss that occurs due to issues in the outer or middle ear.

Sensorineural hearing loss

Permanent hearing loss caused by problems in the inner ear or auditory nerve.

Cognitive deficits

Impairments in cognitive functioning that can affect language acquisition and comprehension.

Dysphagia

Difficulty in swallowing.

Fluent aphasia

A type of aphasia characterized by the production of normal-sounding speech but containing little meaningful content.

Non-fluent aphasia

A type of aphasia where speech is effortful and characterized by pauses and grammatical errors.

Acoustic trauma

A form of hearing loss caused by exposure to impulsive sounds.

Lombard effect

The involuntary increase in vocal effort in response to background noise, indicating reliance on auditory feedback.

Hemispheric asymmetry

The concept that each hemisphere of the brain has its own specialties and functions.

Pragmatics

The study of how context influences the interpretation of communication.

Syntax

The set of rules that governs the structure and formation of sentences in a language.

Phonotactic rules

Rules that govern the permissible combinations of sounds in a particular language.