THE GOVERNMENT

Who is at the centre of the government?

Henry VII

What are the councils supposed to do?

advises king, legal decisions and look after country

What kind of body is the council?

a permant one

Who creates the council learned in law?

Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley

What did the council learned in law do?

manage kings fiscal matters, exploit kings pregorative rights, issue bonds

How many advisors advised Henry?

227

Who were two important councillors?

John Morton and Reginald Bray

What did the royal councillors help Henry with?

day to day government

What did people think of the council learned in law?

massively unpopular

How did Henry form a regional government?

used cooperation of local noblemen and relied on JP’s

why were the privy chamber important?

intimate access to Henry, can influence the king’s decisions

when was the Star chamber created?

Star chamber act, 1487

What was the star chamber used for?

prosecute riots and rebellions, also heard petitions

What did the court of Chancery hear cases on?

heard cases on feudal land disputes and complaints about the crowns mistakes, gave compensation if needed

What did the Court of Equity do?

monarch could dispense justice if the law was unable to deal with crime adequatly

What did the Justice of the Peace do?

about 18 per county, appointed annually and given more power under Henry

Why did Henry favour lots of Gentry?

want to get ahead but don’t have enough power to rebel themselves?

why did Henry favour lots of Clergy?

they have training in canon law and legal system

who were two key clergymen?

Richard fox and John Morton

What were the three types of councillers in the royal council?

nobles, clergy and gentry

When was the lord president of the council created, why?

1497, Henry was busy with Cornwall and Warbeck

Why were smaller councils set up?

only 10 met at a time, members would meet seperatly anyway

What kind of govermnent did Edward IIII have?

relied heavily on nobles

Why is it good to rely on nobles?

help with decisions and fell recognised

Why is it bad to rely on nobles?

can get too powerful so Henry only relies on a few

What did Henry have to do with the legal system?

rebuild it, did so well nad it heard issues over violence and land disputes

What did the Kings council do?

dealt with legal disputes between the nobility, king sat in on sessions

What did the court of the kings bench do?

could override any sesions made at the quarter session, presided over by chief justice

What were the limitations of the kings bench?

only sat for three hours at a timefor no more than three months a year

How many times did the Great council meet?

5 times

When were the five gret councils held, why?

1487 (simnel) 1488 (Brittany tax) 1491 (warbeck) 1496 (tax for scotland) and 1502 (succession)

Who was present at the great council on two occassions?

elected representatives of boroughs present

How many nobles were forced to sign bonds

46

How much money could fines be?

400-10000

Who was responsible for the court of Chancery?

morton and warham

Why did the court of chancery have an air of authority?

tried by the kings ministers

How did the court of chancery deal with decisions?

based on evidence and deakt with civil law

What did the court of chancery deal with?

contracts, landholding, interpreting wills and civil cases

When was the court of the star chamber established, why?

1487, Lambert simnel

What was the aim of the court of the star chamber?

reestablishing law and order after the war of the roses

What was the court of the star chamber responsible for?

appointing sheriffs and justice of the peace, used as a court of appeal for the victims of crime

What did the court of the star chamber oversee?

administration of law and order, maintenance of public order

What did the court of the star chamber have to do with the common people?

the star chamber heard cases of the common land being used by the nobles, Henry likes the star chamber dealing with it as it puts nobles in their place

When was the court of the star chamber expanded?

1487, 1495

What happens to the court of the star chamber at the end?

massively overworked

Who were the shire courts run by?

Jps

How often did the shire courts meet?

quarterly

What did the shire courts deal with?

cases relating to debts, contracts and lands, exercised jurisdication for keeping the peace

What did the shire courts not deal with?

treason and could be overuled by the courts of the kings bench

what were the manorial courts?

local courts

What did the assizes deal with?

criminal cases considered too difficult for JPs to deal with

Why were the assizes inefficint?

have to travel around counties in 6 circuits and could take between 18 months to a year to make a decision

What do the amnorial courts organise?

agricultural arrangements and settle civil matters worth less than 40 shillings

What laws did manorial courts introduce?

by laws as they acted like a mini parliament

What was staring to fall out of fashion as a form of local management?

sheriffs

What did introducing Jps do for Henry?

reassert royal authoritity

Why did gentry want to be JPs?

a way of gaining authority and a route to court

Where did the royal court go?

wherever the king went

What were the 7 parts of a royal househol

What happened to the irish parliament?

reduced to Poynings law in 1494 and Earl of Kildare dismissed as lord deputy of ireland

What group of pwople di henry lack in law enforcement?

paid officials in localties

When was the council of wales revived, what was it?

1494, Arthur was head, all marcher lords bar 6 were a part

Why were JPs limited?

unpopular as they were still dependent on officials to bring offenders to them