Law and Legal Systems

These flashcards encompass key vocabulary terms related to law and legal systems as discussed in the lecture notes.

Law

A set of rules created by the state that everyone has to follow.

Natural Law

Universal moral principles that follow legal and ethical norms.

Positive Law

Codes, acts, and regulations written and imposed by official entities.

International Law

Law that governs relationships between countries.

Domestic Law

Law that governs activity within a nation's borders.

Public Law

Law that covers relationships between the state and individuals.

Private Law

Law that governs relationships between individuals and companies.

Contract Law

Rules that relate to making and enforcing private agreements.

Commercial Law

Law that governs businesses and commercial transactions.

Civil Law

A legal system characterized by written statutes and comprehensive codes.

Common Law

A legal system based on court decisions and precedents.

Customary Law

Law based on established practices and traditions recognized as legally binding.

Legislative Power

The branch of government that makes laws.

Executive Power

The branch of government that enforces and executes laws.

Judiciary Power

The branch that interprets laws and administers justice.

Organic Act

Legislation for fundamental rights and constitutional matters.

European Union Law

Law established by the European Union, superseding national law.

Preliminary Ruling

A process where national courts seek clarification from the CJEU on EU law.

Arbitration

A method of dispute resolution involving a neutral third party.

Breach of Contract

Failure to perform the obligations set out in a contract.

Damages

Monetary compensation awarded for loss due to breach of contract.

Penalty Clauses

Predetermined damages agreed upon in the event of a breach.

Consumer Protection Rule

Legal structures to protect consumers from unfair trade practices.