CH 12

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/120

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

121 Terms

1
New cards
external genitalia
sex, or reproductive, organs visible on the outside of the body; also called genitals
2
New cards
gestation
length of time from conception to birth (pregnancy)
3
New cards
lactation
production and release of milk by mammary glands
4
New cards
orifice
mouth; entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure
5
New cards
Mons pubis
an elevation of adipose tissue covered by skin and coarse pubic hair that cushions the pubis
6
New cards
Perineum
area between vagina and anus
7
New cards
Ova
female reproductive cells
8
New cards
Ovaries
almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity; form and store egg cells (ova) and produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone
9
New cards
Graafian follicles
microscopic sacs in the ovaries
10
New cards
Mature follicle
large, fluid-filled follicle ready to expel secondary oocyte during ovulation
11
New cards
Ovulation
process in which an egg is released from the ovary
12
New cards
Corpus luteum
name given to a follicle after ovulation
13
New cards
Fallopian tubes
the tubes extending from the uterus to the ovary; also called the oviducts
14
New cards
Fimbriae
fingerlike projections that create wavelike currents in fluid surrounding the ovary to move the ovum into the uterine tube
15
New cards
Uterus
contains and nourishes the embryo from the time the fertilized egg is implanted until the fetus is born
16
New cards
Anteflexion
tilting forward
17
New cards
fundus
rounded upper portion of the uterus
18
New cards
body
central part of the uterus
19
New cards
cervix
inferior constricted portion of uterus neck of the uterus
20
New cards
vagina
a muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
21
New cards
Bartholin glands
lubricates the vaginal orifice during sexual excitement
22
New cards
Clitoris
anterior to the vaginal orifice, composed of erectile tissue
23
New cards
episiotomy
surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth
24
New cards
Adipose tissue
enlarges size of breasts
25
New cards
lactiferous duct
A duct through which milk is secreted and which opens at the nipple
26
New cards
nipple
projection from the breast into which the lactiferous ducts open
27
New cards
areola
dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
28
New cards
menarche
the first menstrual period in puberty
29
New cards
parturition
childbirth
30
New cards
Stage of dilation
First stage of labor, begins with uterine contractions and terminates when there is complete dilation of the cervix (10 cm)
31
New cards
Stage of expulsion
time from complete cervical dilation to birth of the baby
32
New cards
Placental stage
birthing stage in which the placenta and umbilical cord are expelled from the mother's body
33
New cards
Amenorrhea
absence of menses
34
New cards
Menopause
gradual ending of menstruation
35
New cards
Climacteric; change of life
period in which symptoms of approaching menopause occur
36
New cards
vaginal atrophy
vaginal drying and thinning
37
New cards
Hormone replacement therapy
the use of the female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause
38
New cards
Embryo
what the unborn child is referred to as up to the third month of pregnancy
39
New cards
Fetus
what the unborn child is referred to as after the third month of pregnancy
40
New cards
atresia
congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina
41
New cards
choriocarcinoma
malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
42
New cards
dyspareunia
painful sexual intercourse
43
New cards
endocervicitis
inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri
44
New cards
Menstrual disorders
Abnormal condition in the menstrual cycle; also called dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
45
New cards
Amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
46
New cards
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
47
New cards
menorrhagia
abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods
48
New cards
metorrhagia
irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause
49
New cards
oligomenorrhea
abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
50
New cards
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
symptoms that occur between ovulation and the onset of menstruation
51
New cards
sterility
inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female
52
New cards
uterine fibroids
benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus
53
New cards
abortion
termination of pregnancy
54
New cards
abruptio placentae
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
55
New cards
breech presentation
common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head
56
New cards
Down Syndrome
genetic condition in which there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy), altering physical and mental development of the child; also called trisomy 21
57
New cards
eclampsia
most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
58
New cards
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity
59
New cards
placenta previa
obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates
60
New cards
amniocentesis
transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid
61
New cards
chorionic villus sampling
sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
62
New cards
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument
63
New cards
cordocentesis
diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby's blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing
64
New cards
endometrial biopsy
removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study
65
New cards
insufflation
delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication
66
New cards
Papanicolaou (Pap) test
an exfoliative cytology test to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination
67
New cards
pelvimetry
measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery
68
New cards
hysterosalpingography
radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium
69
New cards
mammography
a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells
70
New cards
transvaginal ultrasound
ultrasound technique performed through the vagina
71
New cards
cerclage
suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion
72
New cards
cesarean section (C-section)
incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus
73
New cards
colpocleisis
surgical closure of the vaginal canal
74
New cards
conization
surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy
75
New cards
cryosurgery
use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue
76
New cards
dilation and curettage (D&C)
widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette
77
New cards
Hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
78
New cards
subtotal hysterectomy
hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain
79
New cards
Total hysterectomy
hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain
80
New cards
total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
81
New cards
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus
82
New cards
lumpectomy
excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
83
New cards
mammoplasty
surgical reconstruction of a breast
84
New cards
augmentation
insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle
85
New cards
reduction
breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast
86
New cards
mastectomy
removal of the breast
87
New cards
total (simple) mastectomy
excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin
88
New cards
Modified radical mastectomy
the surgical removal of the entire breast and all of the axillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm but with the chest muscles left intact
89
New cards
radical
excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast
90
New cards
reconstructive breast surgery
creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed due to cancer or other disease
91
New cards
tissue (skin) expansion
common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant
92
New cards
transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap
surgical creation of a skin flap (using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen), which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural-looking breast, and sutured into place
93
New cards
tubal ligation
procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
94
New cards
intrauterine device (IUD)
small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
95
New cards
amni/o
amnion
96
New cards
cervic/o
neck; cervix uteri
97
New cards
colp/o, vagin/o
vagina
98
New cards
galact/o, lact/o
milk
99
New cards
gynec/o
woman, female
100
New cards
hyster/o, metri/o, uter/o
uterus (womb)