(Prelims) BioChem Lab #2

Diffusion

The net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Diffundere

The word diffusion derives from the Latin word ____

Osmosis

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Semipermeable Membrane

A barrier that allows certain small molecules or ions to pass while restricting larger ones.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell interior; water enters the cell, causing swelling or lysis.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with higher solute concentration than the cell interior; water leaves the cell, causing shrinkage or crenation.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with the same solute concentration as the cell interior; no net water movement occurs.

Hemolysis

The rupture of red blood cells in a hypotonic solution due to excessive water entry.

Crenation

The shrinking and wrinkling of red blood cells in a hypertonic solution due to water loss.

Dialysis

Separation of small solute molecules from larger ones using a semipermeable membrane.

Dialysis (hemodialysis)

Generally started when your kidneys are working at less than 10% of their normal function.

Dialysis Bag

A cellulose tube used to simulate selective permeability in experiments.

Protein Test (Dialysate)

Turbidity or White Precipitate indicates the presence of proteins.

Sugar Test (Dialysate)

Fehling's reagent gives a colored (yellow) precipitate if reducing sugars are present.

Surface Tension

The property of liquid molecules at the surface to resist external force due to cohesive interactions.

Emulsifier or Emulsifying Agent

A compound or substance that acts as a stabilizer for emulsions

Surfactants

Molecules that reduce the surface tension of liquids

Emulgent

Another word for an emulsifier is a/an _______

Emulsion

A mixture of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifying agent.

Emulsifier

A compound (like bile salts or detergents) that stabilizes emulsions and prevents separation.

Hypotonic

Hypotonic, Isotonic, or Hypertonic

Concentrations of dissolved solutes are less outside the cell than inside.

Hypertonic

Hypotonic, Isotonic, or Hypertonic

Concentrations of dissolved solutes are greater outside the cell.

Hypotonic

Hypotonic, Isotonic, or Hypertonic

The concentration of water outside the cell is correspondingly greater than inside.

Isotonic

Hypotonic, Isotonic, or Hypertonic

Equal movement of water in and out of the cell.

Hypertonic

Hypotonic, Isotonic, or Hypertonic

The concentration of water outside is correspondingly lower.

True

True or False

Osmosis is passive transport, meaning it does not require

energy to be applied.

True

True or False

Cells without walls will swell and may burst (lyse) if excess water is not removed from the cell.

False

As cells lose water, they LOSE the ability to function or divide.

True or False

As cells lose water, their the ability to function or divide increases.

False

When your kidneys are working at less than 10% of

their normal function.

True or False

Dialysis (hemodialysis) is generally started when

your kidneys are working at less than 30% of

their normal function.

False

It prevents liquids that don't normally mix from separating.

True or False

An emulsifier or emulsifying agent is a compound or

substance that prevents liquids from mixing together.