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Allegory
a narrative story in which the characters/events have symbolic meanings and are used to convey a hidden meaning
Alliteration
repetition of the same letter or sound at the beginning of a series of words
Allusion
an implied or indirect reference to a person, place, event, or other work of literature
Anaphora
the repetition of words or phrases in a group of sentences, clauses or poetic lines
Anecdote
a brief story about something funny or interesting in someone's life
Antagonist
the person, group, force or idea that opposes or works against the protagonist
Antithesis
two contrasting ideas juxtaposed against each other using parallel sentence structure
Apostrophe
addressing someone or something absent, dead, or non-human as if they were present
Archetype
a universal symbol/pattern that recurs in myths, stories, and other forms of literature across different cultures and time periods
Assonance
the repetition of similar vowel sounds in a series of words or phrases
Colloquialism
an informal or casual word or phrase
Cliche
an overused expression
Connotation
the implied meaning of a word
Consonance
the repetition of consonant sounds
Denotation
the literal meaning of a word
Dialect
a regional variety of a language distinct from the standard in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary.
Dichotomy
separating something into two contrasting ideas
Dramatic Irony
when the reader/audience knows something the character(s) don't
Euphemism
figurative language that replaces a harsh or impolite phrase
Foreshadowing
when the author hints about something that will happen later in the story
Hyperbole
using exaggeration for emphasis
Hypophora
when a speaker asks a question and then immediately answers it
Idiom
a phrase that conveys a figurative meaning different from its literal meaning
Irony
when something is the opposite of what is expected (remember verbal/situational)
Malapropism
use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sounding word
Metaphor
a comparison of two unlike things without using like or as
Metonymy
when a word that is associated with something is used to refer to that thing
Mood
the emotions that a text evokes from the reader
Motif
an object/idea that repeats itself throughout a text
Onomatopoeia
a word that sounds like the noise it describes
Oxymoron
a figure of speech that combines contradictory words with opposite meanings
Portmanteau
blending two or more words together to create a new word
Paradox
a self contradictory statement that expresses a truth
Personification
giving human attributes to something non-human
Plot
exposition -> rising action -> climax -> falling action -> resolution
Satire
the use of humor, irony, or ridicule to criticize something or someone
Simile
a comparison of two unlike things using like/as
Symbol
a concrete image that represents an abstract idea
Theme
a universal idea, lesson, or message explored in a text
Tone
the author's or speaker's attitude or feelings