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38 Terms
1
psychological disorder
A disturbance in people’s thoughts, emotions, or behaviors that causes distress or suffering and impairs their daily lives.
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medical model
The concept that diseases, in this case, psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured, often through treatment in a hospital.
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3
diathesis-stress model
The concept that genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to influence psychological disorder.
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4
Epigenetics
The study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression without a DNA change.
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5
DSM-5-TR
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
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6
anxiety disorders
A group of disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety and related maladaptive behaviors.
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7
social anxiety disorder
Intense fear and avoidance of social situations.
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8
generalized anxiety disorder
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
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9
panic disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread and terror, often accompanied by physical sensations.
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10
agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of situations where one may experience a loss of control and panic.
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specific phobia
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
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12
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
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13
hoarding disorder
A persistent difficulty parting with possessions, regardless of their value.
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14
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, and hypervigilance following a traumatic experience.
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15
depressive disorders
A group of disorders characterized by an enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood, affecting a person’s ability to function.
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16
bipolar disorders
A group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
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17
major depressive disorder
A disorder in which a person experiences five or more symptoms lasting two or more weeks, with at least one being either depressed mood or loss of interest.
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18
persistent depressive disorder
A disorder in which people experience a depressed mood on more days than not for at least two years.
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19
bipolar I disorder
The most severe form of bipolar disorder, characterized by a euphoric and highly energetic state.
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mania
A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state often characterized by dangerously poor judgment.
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bipolar II disorder
A less severe form of bipolar disorder, moving between depression and milder hypomania.
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22
rumination
Compulsive fretting; overthinking problems and their causes.
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23
schizophrenia spectrum disorders
A group of disorders characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking or speech.
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psychotic disorders
A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.
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25
delusion
A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
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26
chronic schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia where symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood.
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27
acute schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently in response to a traumatic event.
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dissociative disorders
A rare group of disorders characterized by a disruption in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, and identity.
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dissociative identity disorder (DID)
A rare disorder where a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities.
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dissociative amnesia
A disorder where people with intact brains experience memory gaps related to trauma.
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31
personality disorders
A group of disorders characterized by enduring behavior patterns that differ from cultural norms.
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antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder marked by a lack of conscience for wrongdoing.
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33
feeding and eating disorders
A group of disorders characterized by altered consumption or absorption of food, impairing health.
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anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder where a person maintains a starvation diet despite being underweight.
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bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder marked by binge eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss behaviors.
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36
neurodevelopmental disorders
Central nervous system abnormalities that start in childhood, altering thinking and behavior.
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37
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
A disorder marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, along with rigid interests.
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38
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.
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