U5 Vocab Quiz #2: Modules 5.3 and 5.4 a,b,c,d

psychological disorder

A disturbance in people’s thoughts, emotions, or behaviors that causes distress or suffering and impairs their daily lives.

medical model

The concept that diseases, in this case, psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

diathesis-stress model

The concept that genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to influence psychological disorder.

Epigenetics

The study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression without a DNA change.

DSM-5-TR

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

anxiety disorders

A group of disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety and related maladaptive behaviors.

social anxiety disorder

Intense fear and avoidance of social situations.

generalized anxiety disorder

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread and terror, often accompanied by physical sensations.

agoraphobia

Fear or avoidance of situations where one may experience a loss of control and panic.

specific phobia

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

hoarding disorder

A persistent difficulty parting with possessions, regardless of their value.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, and hypervigilance following a traumatic experience.

depressive disorders

A group of disorders characterized by an enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood, affecting a person’s ability to function.

bipolar disorders

A group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

major depressive disorder

A disorder in which a person experiences five or more symptoms lasting two or more weeks, with at least one being either depressed mood or loss of interest.

persistent depressive disorder

A disorder in which people experience a depressed mood on more days than not for at least two years.

bipolar I disorder

The most severe form of bipolar disorder, characterized by a euphoric and highly energetic state.

mania

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state often characterized by dangerously poor judgment.

bipolar II disorder

A less severe form of bipolar disorder, moving between depression and milder hypomania.

rumination

Compulsive fretting; overthinking problems and their causes.

schizophrenia spectrum disorders

A group of disorders characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking or speech.

psychotic disorders

A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

delusion

A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

chronic schizophrenia

A form of schizophrenia where symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood.

acute schizophrenia

A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently in response to a traumatic event.

dissociative disorders

A rare group of disorders characterized by a disruption in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, and identity.

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A rare disorder where a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities.

dissociative amnesia

A disorder where people with intact brains experience memory gaps related to trauma.

personality disorders

A group of disorders characterized by enduring behavior patterns that differ from cultural norms.

antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder marked by a lack of conscience for wrongdoing.

feeding and eating disorders

A group of disorders characterized by altered consumption or absorption of food, impairing health.

anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder where a person maintains a starvation diet despite being underweight.

bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder marked by binge eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss behaviors.

neurodevelopmental disorders

Central nervous system abnormalities that start in childhood, altering thinking and behavior.

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A disorder marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, along with rigid interests.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.