Chemistry - Module 4

These flashcards cover essential concepts in the study of gases and the atmosphere, including the behavior and properties of gases, various gas laws, and related environmental issues.

Kinetic Theory of Gases

A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in constant motion, forming the basis for gas laws.

Avogadro’s Hypothesis

States that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain an equal number of molecules.

Boyle’s Law

States that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature (P1V1 = P2V2).

Charles’ Law

Demonstrates that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure (V1/T1 = V2/T2).

Ideal Gas Law

Describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas (PV = nRT).

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

States that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual components.

Absolute Zero

Theoretical temperature at which all particle motion stops, defined as 0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius.

Gas measurements

Refers to the properties of gases, including temperature, pressure, volume, and number of moles.

Greenhouse Effect

The trapping of the sun's warmth in the planet's atmosphere due to greenhouse gases, leading to increased temperatures.

Acid Rain

Precipitation that is significantly more acidic than natural rain, typically caused by sulfur and nitrogen oxides.

Photochemical Smog

Air pollution generated by chemical reactions involving sunlight, resulting in the formation of ground-level ozone and other pollutants.

Helium Shortage

A reference to the diminishing supply of helium in the U.S., impacting various industries such as healthcare and science.

Ozone Depletion

The reduction of ozone in the stratosphere attributed primarily to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that damage ozone molecules.

Gas Laws

A set of laws that describe the behavior of gases in relation to pressure, volume, temperature, and quantity.