Cognitive Restructuring-Lithium

Cognitive Restructuring

a person learns to notice and change unrealistic or unhelpful patterns of thought

fear hierarchies

listing and ranking activities that cause anxiety and then confronting them one at a time, moving from least scary to most scary

cognitive triad

negative thoughts about oneself, the future and the world

Applied behavior analysis

focus on using conditioning to address disorders

counter conditioning

reversing the present conditioned response (Classical Conditioning)

exposure therapy

treating anxiety through exposure to that which you normally avoid (in imagination or actuality)

systematic desensitization

conditioning a pattern to replace anxious feelings with relaxed feelings using a step-by-step approach (show picture of spider, show real spider, then make you touch it)

aversion therapy

an unpleasant state is associated with an unwanted behavior. (Ex. bedwetting diaper shock)

Token economy

Rewarding desired behavior (operant conditioning) Ex. Reward a child with ADHD when they participate in class. Reward could be candy, points

Biofeedback

Using conditioning to teach a person to regulate their body systems, such as the sympathetic nervous system.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

combines techniques from cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy to address thoughts and behavior.

dialectical behavior therapy

uses group and individual sessions to teach emotion regulation skills through mindfulness, self-reflection and conversations with a therapist

rational emotive behavioral therapy

therapist points out and challenges dsyfunctional thinking that causes unhealthy behaviors and helps client replace them with positive thoughts and productive behaviors.

Humanistic

“person centered” focuses on helping people grow to their full potential and gain positive self-perception

unconditional positive regard

respecting, loving or accepting the person no matter what

active listening

listener shows they are paying attention to the speaker by reflecting main points and emotions back to them.

Group therapy

people meet regularly with those with similar issues to interact and help one another achieve insight into feelings and behaviors

hypnosis

a changed state of consciousness that allows for increase relaxation, focus and openness to suggestion. Useful for treating pain and anxiety but research does not support it to uncover childhood trauma.

Antidepressant drugs

usually attempt to increase serotonin or norepinephrenie ex. Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil

Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

increase the amount of Seratonin

Antianxiety drugs

increase GABA, depress the central nervous system. Ex. Xanax, Valium

Lithium

interferes with and reduces action potentials, used to treat bipolar disorder.