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genetic architecture
QTL analysis/GWAS, candidate genes, gene expression, forward/reverse genetics
molecular and genomic
gene editing, transgenics, epigenetic tools, multi-omics
forward genetics
start with a behavioral phenotype of interest, either naturally occurring or induced, and works to identify the gene responsible
reverse genetics
start with a candidate gene and tests its role by altering or removing it
QTL
quantitative trait locus, regions of DNA associated with variation in quantitative traits
QTL analysis
identifies genomic regions linked to trait variation revealing the number, effect size, and interactions of contributing loci
GWAS
analyses thousands to millions of SNPs across unrelated individuals in natural populations to find statistical associations with traits