HISTORY TOMRROW

Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister

Nikita Khrushchev

A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia and closed gulags. Called for co-existence with the West.

Fidel Castro

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba.

Fulgencio Batista

He was a pro-American dictator of Cuba before Castro. His overthrow led to Castro and communists taking over Cuba, who was now friendly to the Soviets.

Leonid Brezhnev

Seized power from Nikita Khrushchev and became leader of the Soviet Communist party in 1964. Ordered forces in to Afghanistan and Czechoslovakia. Did Détente with the West.

Senator Joseph McCarthy

the most famous anti-Communist activist. charged many innocents Americans for having Communist sympathies.

Truman Doctrine

1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

Marshall Plan

a plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism.

Berlin Wall

A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West. Music was the only thing that kept West Berliners from staying in West Berlin. (built by Nikita Lehrushchew)

WILL BE ON FINAL: Berlin Airlift

airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin. Stalin orders the US, Britain, and France out of Berlin. Truman refuses to back down and flies in supplies. Stalin shut down everything. Us told Stalin if he shot the aircraft, they would bomb Stalin.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Military alliance created in 1949 made up of 12 non-Communist countries, (Western Europe.) including the United States that support each other if attacked. Especially after SU learns how to make bombs.

Warshaw Pact

Eastern European and SU create that to counter NATO.

SALT 1 and SALT 2

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

SALT 1 - Agreement signed by the United States and the Soviets to stop building nuclear ballistic missiles for five years

SALT 2- Singed by Carter and Brezhnev; it reduced and limited number of missile launchers and bombers

These treaties helped to reduce tension between the United States and the U.S.S.R (SU Forces)

START 1 and START 2

Continued nuclear arms reduction up to 75%. Between US and SU again.

Détente

A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon. The US and SU would talk issues through. Ended when SU invaded Afghanistan.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when they tried to end the communist political party in Cuba.

HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee)

Committee responsible for rooting out communists in American Government and Society

Mao Zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Jiang Jieshi

Chinese nationalist leader that was against Mao; supported by the US; loss to Mao, so he and his followers fled to Taiwan

Richard Nixon

Vice President under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States

Kim Il Sung

Communist leader of North Korea; his attack on South Korea in 1950 started the Korean War. He remained in power until 1994.

Syngman Rhee

Leader of South Korea

Douglas MacArthur and the Korean War

tried to save South Korea from trembling from North Korea.

Dwight Eisenhower

President after Truman, Korean war ended.

Collectivization

a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government

Great Leap Forward

China's second five-year plan under the leadership of the impatient Mao, it aimed to speed up economic development while simultaneously developing a completely socialists society. This plan failed and more than 20 million people starved between 1958 and 1960.

Cultural Revolution (China)

Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation. Mao wanted to purge China of "bourgeois" tendencies. He gave out uniforms, a red book about Marxism, closed factories, and he forced people to work on farms.

Why was Richard Nixon in China?

The only reason why Nixon visited China was because the US had a war against Vietnam and China was supplying them. Nixon went to Mao to make China stop supplying Vietnam.

Pusan Perimeter

North Korea invaded South Korea. South Korea was pushed back to Pusan. The US responds by making Douglas' army attack North Korea. Douglas lands in Inchon and saves South Korea by pushing North Korea to the Yalu River. China responds by joining the war against the US.

DMZ (demilitarized zone)

2.5 mile stretch between NK and SK where both countries agreed to place no soldiers or weapons

Ho Chi Minh

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable

Ngo Dinh Diem

American ally in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1963; his repressive regime caused the Communist Viet Cong to thrive in the South and required increasing American military aid to stop a Communist takeover. he was killed in a coup in 1963.

Viet Cong (VC)

South Vietnam rebels who used guerilla warfare to try to topple US powers in Vietnam. Whatever they were by day, Viet Cong by night.

Dien Bien Phu

The place that the final battle took place that forced the French out of Vietnam.

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Alleged attack of US ships by North Vietnamese torpedoes in the Tonkin Gulf on August 4, 1964. Prompted the escalation of the War in Vietnam. They used that as an excuse that Viet started the War so Congress gave Lyndon military power to assist in Vietnam.

Ho Chi Minh Trail

A supply line that went from Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia underground. It is used to supply the Viet Cong.

Tet Offensive

1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment

Result of the war with Viet

U.S. military victory but the Americans public turned against US wins.

Vietnamization

Pulled US troops out of Vietnam.

Paris Peace Accords

1973 peace agreement between the United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and the Vietcong that effectively ended the Vietnam War.

Kwane Nkrumah

led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957 and served as its first prime minister and president. Nkrumah first gained power as leader of the colonial Gold Coast, and held it until he was deposed in 1966.

Jomo Kenyatta

A nationalist leader who fought to end oppressive laws against Africans; later became the first Prime Minister of Kenya

Nelson Mandela

First black president of South Africa

SeSe Seko

former military dictator of the Republic of Congo. But stole 1 million worth of stuff from the Katanga Province.

Patrice Lumumba

wanted SeSe to be executed.

Afrikaners

white settlers in South Africa.

Big 3 nationalists

Western educated, skilled speakers, and organizers.

What minority group wanted independence in Algeria?

Arabs

Katanga Province

in the Democractic Republic of Congo

• copper

• diamonds

Rwanda

gained independence from Belgium.

Rwandan Genocide

The killing of more than 500,000 ethnic Tutsis by rival Hutu militias in Rwanda in 1994. The conflict between the dominant Tutsis and the majority Hutus had gone on for centuries, but the suddenness and savagery of the massacres caught the United Nations off-guard. U.N. peacekeepers did not enter the country until after much of the damage had been done.

Yasir Arafat

leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization and his goal was the destruction of Israel

Yitzhak Rabin

The Israeli prime minister who agreed to grant the Palestinians their own land. In 1995 he was killed by Jewish extremists

Bashir Al-Assad

Leader of Syria, a dictator.

Ruhollah Khomeini

"Ayatollah" was an Iranian religious leader and scholar, politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran. Following the revolution and a national referendum, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader—a position created in the constitution as the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation, until his death.

Shah Reza Pahlavi

the last Shah of Iran who ruled Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979

Saddam Hussein

Was a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction.

Insurgents

Iraqis that fought the US during the Iraq War.

Israel

first Jewish nation in the world.

Six Day War

Israel took control of the West Bank from Jordan. Gaza Strip from Egypt, and Golan Heights from Syria. Israel moved Jewish settlers in the new territories, upsetting the Palestinians.

Palestinian Liberation Organization

political party and organization that fought for Palestinian rights

Intifada

"The Uprising" against Israel by some Palestinians

Hamas

a radical Islamist group funded by Iran, continues to use violence.

Two-State Solution

the idea to split Israel and Palestine into two independent nation - states, each separated by religion and ethnicity - Palestine mainly populated by Arabs(Muslims) and Israel by Jewish people

Lebanese Civil War

Lasted from 1975 to 1990. Was a religious conflict between Christians and the PLO, Sunni Muslims and Shi'a Muslims. After war equal seats were given in Parliament to Christians and Muslims

Hezboliant

Islamists funded by Iran and Syria in Lebanon.

Arab Spring Movement

a series of public protests, strikes, and rebellions, often facilitated by social media, that have called for fundamental government and economic reforms

ISIL

Another name for a radical Islamic terrorist group

Iran vs. Iraq War

Stalemate

US vs. Iraq

Persian Gulf War and Iraq War.

By the 1970s the United States was interdependent on

-middle eastern oil

-mexican oil

-Japanese oil

-Chinese texiles

Middle Eastern oil

Martin Luther King Jr. was MOST influenced by

-JFK

-Gandhi

-Booker T. Washingston

-Rosa Parks

Gandhi

What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

-total amount of wealth of a nation in a given year

-total value of all goods and services produce by a nation in a given year.

-The overall amount of debt/revenue a government had in a given year.

The overall amount of a nation spends on its industry and military in a given year.

total value of all goods and services produce by a nation in a given year.

Which of the following was part of The Great Society?

-Social Security

-Unemployment insurance

-Medicare

-The Interstate Highway System

Medicare.

Konrad Adenauer

The first chancellor of West Germany; he was able to establish a stable democratic government. He led west Germany as they rebuilt cities, factories, and trade. Worked closely with NATO and the United States. He also led some to fear German's revival.

Margaret Thatcher

leader of conservatives in Great Britain who came to power. Pledged to limit social welfare, restrict union power, and end inflation. Formed Thatcherism, in which her economic policy was termed, and improved the British economic situation. She dominated British politics in 1980s, and her government tried to replace local property taxes with a flat-rate tax payable by every adult. Her popularity fell, and resigned. DID NOT SUPPORT LABOR UNIONS.

Lyndon B. Johnson

Created The Great Society