Brain Anatomy

fissure

deep grooves that separate gyri

gyri

elevated ridges of the brain

sulci

shallow grooves that separate gyri

longitudinal fissure

deep groove running from the anterior to the posterior of the brain, separating the two cerebral hemispheres

transverse fissure

deep groove that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

parietoccipital sulcus

groove that separates the parietal and occipital lobes and is found on the internal surface of the cerebrum

lateral sulcus

groove that separates the temporal lobe from the inferior aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes

precentral gyrus

ridge anterior to the central sulcus

postcentral gyrus

ridge posterior to the central sulcus

central sulcus

shallow groove separating the frontal and parietal lobes.

temporal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing, reading, writing, and language.

frontal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement

occipital lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information

parietal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex whose function includes processing sensory information

cerebrum

most superior part of the brain, making up 60% of the total brain weight

diencephalon

also known as the interbrain and includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

brain stem

the most inferior part of the brain. Merges with the spinal cord. Contains three subparts

cerebellum

the "little brain" at the posterior and inferior end; functions include coordinating movement output and balance

corpus callosum

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

basal nuclei

islands of gray matter buried within the white matter of the cerebrum

thalamus

inner room which acts as a relay station for the sensory cortex

hypothalamus

helps regulate water balance, metabolism, thirst, and hunger

pituitary gland

The endocrine system's master gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.

mammillary bodies

hangs from the posterior floor of the hypothalamus and helps control sense of smell

pineal body

part of the endocrine system; releases melatonin and regulates sleep/wake cycles

choroid plexus

a highly vascular portion of the lining of the ventricles that make and secretes cerebrospinal fluid.

midbrain

part of the brain stem that helps with vision and hearing

pons

it's name means bridge and is involved in breathing

medulla oblongata

part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion.

pineal and pituitary

two endocrine glands within the brain

Parkinson's disease

a progressive disease that destroys basal nuclei cells, reduces dopamine and is identified by muscular tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis

Huntington's disease

a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of brain cells in the basal nuclei and causes chorea and progressive dementia.

CTE

tau proteins build up in the brain which causes memory loss, aggression, and depression long after hits to the head have stopped

Alzheimer's disease

a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by an abnormal production of amyloid protein and causes gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning

frontal lobe

which lobe is shown here in yellow?

temporal lobe

which lobe is shown here in purple?

parietal lobe

which lobe is shown here in blue?

corpus callosum

which structure is the arrow pointing to?

pituitary gland

which structure is the green line pointing to?

pons

which area is highlighted in blue?