chapter 14 cerebrum + lobes + neocortex

the brain and cranial nerves - cerebrum, lobes, neocortex ONLY

cerebrum

largest, most conspicuous part of human brain

gyri

ridges

insula

“island” of cortex, lies medial to lateral sulcus

longitudinal fissure

deep groove, separates cerebral hemispheres

lobes

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

sulci

shallow grooves

central sulcus

divides anterior frontal lobe from posterior parietal lobe

lateral sulcus

divides frontal lobe from temporal lobe

parieto-occipital sulcus

divides parietal lobe from occipital lobe

frontal lobe

precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)

voluntary motor functions, higher intelligence

decision making, social judgment

speech production (Broca’s area)

parietal lobe

postcentral gyrus (primary sensory cortex)

sensory information

gustatory (taste)

language processing (Wernicke’s area)

occipital lobe

visual center of brain

temporal lobe

hearing (auditory)

smell (olfactory)

memory

emotion

projection tracts

connects cerebrum w lower areas of CNS

commissural tracts

cross to opposite hemisphere (connects the two)

corpus callosum

association tracts

connects lobe and gyri

arcuate fibers

arcuate fibers

short

connect gyri to one another

cerebral cortex

covers surface of hemispheres

neocortex

stellate cells

pyramidal cells

stellate cells

dendrites project in all directions

pyramidal cells

axon passes out of the area

limbic system

emotional brain: hippocampus, amygdala

hippocampus

medial temporal lobe

memory function

amygdala

temporal lobe

emotion functions

basal nuclei (ganglia)

masses of cerebral gray matter buried deep in white matter, lateral to thalamus

corpus striatum

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

lentiform nucleus

putamen, globus pallidus

Wernicke’s area

parietal lobe

formulating speech

Broca’s area

frontal lobe

motor program