College Chemistry Test - Chapters 1-4.1

Accuracy vs. Precision

• Accuracy~ How close a measurement is to the actual measurement.

• Precision ~ How reproducible a measurement is.

Metric conversions

tera	T	1012	trillion
giga	G	109	billion
mega	M	106	million
kilo	k	103	thousand
hecto	h	102	hundred
deka	da	101	ten
Base			100	one
	deci	d	10-1	tenth
	centi	c	10-2	hundredth
	milli	m	10-3	thousandth
	micro	μ	10-6	millionth
	nano	n	10-9	billionth
	pico	p	10-12	trillionth

7 SI Base Units

• Meter (m): The standard unit for length.

• Kilogram (kg): The standard unit for mass.

• Second (s): The standard unit for time.

• Kelvin (K): The standard unit for thermodynamic temperature.

• Mole (mol): The standard unit for the amount of substance.

• Joule (J): The unit of energy.

• Watt (W): The unit of power.

How do you use Dimensional Analysis?

• Use conversion factor that will cancel with the units

• Generally, units that you are converting should be placed in the numerator

• Cross out the units that cancel

What are the sig fig rules for zeros?

• All nonzero digits are significant.

  • Ex. 463 – 3 sig. Figs.

• Sandwiched zeros are significant.

  • Ex. 3003- 4 sig. figs., 40.03- 4 sig. Figs.

• Trailing zeros (after the decimal) are significant. 

  • Ex. 49.0 – 3 sig. Figs.

• Preceding zeros are not significant.

  • Ex. 0.0034 – 2 sig. Figs.

How do you multiply and divide with sig figs?

• Answers should have the same number of sig. figs as the number with the least number of sig. figs.

How do you add and subtract with sig figs?

• Don’t worry about how many sig. figs., instead look at the placeholders of the numbers.

• Line the numbers up, the last column that is full is the last digit to use.

What is the equation of density?

D = M/V

H

Hydrogen

He

Helium

Li

Lithium

Be

Beryllium

B

Boron

C

Carbon

N

Nitrogen

O

Oxygen

F

Flourine

Ne

Neon

Na

Sodium

Mg

Magnesium

Al

Aluminum

Si

Silicon

P

Phosphorus

S

Sulfur

Cl

Chlorine

Ar

Argon

K

Potassium

Ca

Calcium

Sc

Scandium

Ti

titanium

V

Vanadium

Cr

Chromium

Mn

Manganese

Fe

Iron

Co

Cobalt

Ni

Nickel

Cu

Copper

Zn

Zinc

Ga

Gallium

Ge

Germanium

As

Arsenic

Se

Selenium

Br

Bromine

Kr

Krypton

Rb

Rubidium

Sr

Strontium

Y

Yttrium

Zr

Zirconium

Tc

Technetium

Ru

Ruthenium

Rh

Rhodium

Pd

Palladium

Ag

Silver

Cd

Cadmium

In

Indium

Sn

Tin

Sb

Antimony

Te

Tellurium

I

Iodine

Xe

Xenon

Cs

Cesium

Ba

Barium

La

Lanthanum

Hf

Hafnium

W

Tungsten

Os

Osmium

Ir

Iridium

Pt

Platinum

Au

Gold

Hg

Mercury

Tl

Thallium

Pb

Lead

Bi

Bismuth

Po

polonium

At

Astatine

Rn

Radon

Fr

Francium

Ra

radium

Ac

Actinium

Th

Thorium

U

Uranium

Np

Neptunium

Pu

Plutonium

Am

Americium

Cm

Curium

Bk

Berkelium

Cf

californium

Es

Einsteinium

Md

Mendelevium

Bh

Bohrium

Ammonium

NH₄⁺¹

Acetate

C₂H₃O₂ ^1-

Bicarbonate

HCO₃ ^1-

Chlorate

ClO₃ ^1-

Chlorite

ClO₂ ^1-

Cyanide

CN ^1-

Hydroxide

OH ^1-

Nitrate

NO₃ ^1-

Nitrite

NO₂ ^1-

Carbonate

CO₃  ^2-