Science Ch.2

A _______ molecule has an uneven distribution of charge.

polar

If a water molecule is electrically neutral, why is it a polar molecule?

Electrons take longer to travel around the oxygen atom then the hydrogen atoms, giving it a slight negative charge on the oxygen side and a slight positive charge on the hydrogen side

Hydrogen bonds are ____, but still enable water to have ____ properties. Because of these bonds, water is _______ to itself and other ______ molecules.

Weak, unique, attracted, and polar

Water molecules are attracted to themselves

Cohesion

Water molecules are attracted to other polar subtances

Adhesion

1st properties of water

Creeps up thin tubes (capillary action)

2nd properties of water

Has high surface tension

3rd properties of water

Has high heat of vaporation

4th properties of water

Resists temperature change

5th properties of water

Expands when it freezes

Water is a ______ molecule, which causes it to form _________ bonds. This bonding causes ________ and cohesion, which create water’s unique ________.

Polar, hydrogen, adhesion, properties.

When one substance is dissolved in another, it is called a __________.

solution

Substance being dissolved in the liquid

Solute

Substance doing the dissolving (usually liquid) Ex: lemonade powder (solute) + water (solvent)

Solvent

Waters’s _______ allows it to __________ many types of solutes. It is often called the _________ __________. Some _________ can not be dissolved in water but can be ________.

Polarity, dissolve, universal solvent, particles, suspended.

Because H₂O forms an equal amount og H+ and OH- ions, it is considered to be a _______ atom.

neutral

An acid is a substance that forms ___________ concentrations of H+ ions in a solution

higher

An base is a substance that forms ___________ concentrations of H+ ions in a solution

lower

Attributes of acids

Taste sour, neutralize bases, corrode metal, pH less than 7, and high concentration of H+ ions

Attributes of bases

Slippery, Neutralize acids, also known as alkalines, pH higher than 7, and higher concentration of OH- ions

Water is called the ________ ________ because many substances dissolve in it. It also dissociates into _____ and ______ equally. This means it is a _______ substances, unlike _____ and ______.

Universal solvent, H+, OH-, neutral, acids, and bases.

Matter is anything that has _____ (or _____) and takes up _______.

mass, weight, and space

_______ are the basic building blocks of matter.

Atoms

The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons determines all of the _______ of that atom

properties

number of _______ = number of________

electrons + protons

An element is a collection of ______ that all have the same number of _______.

atoms, protons

The atomic mass is the number of _______ + the number of _______

protons + nutrons

Atoms with the same element will always have the same ______ _________, but may not have the same _________ __________ because they can differ in the number of ________ they contain.

Atomic, numbers, atomic, mass, and neutrons

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of ________ are called _______

neutrons, isotopes

Elements are made of ________, which have properties based on the number of _________, ___________, and _________ in them. Atoms of the same element have the same number of _______, but can differ in the number of neutrons, which would make them __________ of each other.

atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, protons, and is isotopes