NCM, Swarajists, Socialism & CPI

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering significant events, concepts, and leaders related to NCM, Swarajists, Socialism, and CPI for modern history preparation.

What clause in the 1920 Nagpur Congress Constitution showed a shift toward democratization?

Universal adult franchise for party membership (21+), replacing limited elite entry.

What ideological divergence did Hasrat Mohani introduce in the 1921 Congress session?

Demanded Poorna Swaraj instead of Dominion Status, marking ideological radicalism.

Which Muslim theological school backed Khilafat despite its Deobandi anti-Ottoman stance?

Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind under Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.

Which labour-related agitation occurred parallel to NCM in Assam and why?

Tea plantation strikes—linked to exploitative indenture conditions post-WWI.

What title did Gandhi sarcastically give to the British response to Chauri Chaura violence?

'Criminal Law of the Jungle'—criticizing harsh collective punishment.

Why did Gandhi oppose legislative politics during NCM despite public support?

He believed it would derail constructive work and dilute non-violent discipline.

Which Sufi leader was jailed during Khilafat and later criticized its failure?

Maulana Abdul Bari of Firangi Mahal.

Which Congress session endorsed spinning as a compulsory condition for party office?

Nagpur Session, 1920.

What subtle economic goal lay beneath the Swadeshi Khadi campaign?

Redistribution of rural purchasing power and self-sufficiency.

Which anti-Rowlatt protestor led NCM in Punjab and was also a medical doctor?

Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew.

Why was the Public Safety Bill (1928) seen as a betrayal of Montagu-Chelmsford promises?

It contradicted civil liberties implied under dyarchy by seeking powers of deportation.

Which Swarajist leader introduced a resolution demanding inquiry into Indianisation of Army?

Motilal Nehru.

What caused the split between ‘Responsivists’ and ‘Non-Responsivists’ beyond office holding?

Responsivists supported Hindu consolidation; non-responsivists aligned with secularists.

Why did Gandhi call Swarajist legislative participation a form of 'Parliamentary vacuum'?

It lacked mass sanction, according to Gandhi, and diluted the spirit of satyagraha.

What tactical move did Swarajists use to expose British bias during budget votes?

Line-by-line analysis and walkouts to force quorum collapses.

Which Congress leader saw Swarajists as 'Westernized elite playing British game'?

Rajendra Prasad.

Why was the defeat of the Public Safety Bill in 1928 politically symbolic?

First instance where Indian elected reps blocked coercive colonial law.

Which session reunited Gandhi with Swarajists despite ideological gaps?

Belgaum Session, 1924.

Which event caused Chittaranjan Das to advocate for ‘Responsive Cooperation’?

Failure of mass politics post-NCM and communal violence.

What ideological principle differentiated Congress’s 1920s approach from the Muslim League?

Congress pushed constructive nation-building; League focused on minority safeguards.

Which model village experiment by No-Changers influenced Wardha education scheme?

Segaon (later Sevagram).

What was the deeper reason Gandhi insisted on hand-spinning even during mass agitations?

As an act of daily resistance and discipline symbolizing self-rule.

Which Gandhian called Swarajist obstructionism ‘Revolution from within the gallows’?

C. Rajagopalachari.

Which Congress leader introduced flood relief camps as a form of constructive satyagraha?

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Why did Gandhi call off cow protection campaigns led by Responsivists?

They were turning communal and undermined Hindu-Muslim unity.

Which underground No-Changer group was later absorbed into the Bhoodan Movement?

Gandhian Sarvodaya Mandal.

What phrase did Gandhi use to critique excess focus on political power?

'Power without purity is violence.'

Who was the Gandhian economist that developed the 'Minimum Needs' theory from constructive programme?

J.C. Kumarappa.

Which Gandhian unit published 'Harijan Bandhu' to promote anti-untouchability?

Servants of Untouchables Society.

Which journal promoted khadi as both economic and anti-colonial resistance?

Young India.

Which CPI leader translated Das Kapital into Urdu under threat of arrest?

Maulana Hasrat Mohani.

Why did CPI oppose participation in Congress movements till 1935?

Believed in class revolution, not bourgeois nationalism.

Who organized the Red Flag trade union in Bombay that later allied with CPI?

S.A. Dange.

Why was the Kanpur Conference of 1925 semi-clandestine?

Because CPI was banned and police surveillance was constant.

Which communist-led paper was banned for inciting ‘agrarian soviets’?

Kranti (Marathi) edited by Dange.

Why was the Meerut Conspiracy Case a blow to CPI structure?

It jailed most leaders and publicized CPI’s underground network.

Which labour leader was also a Gandhian and formed the AITUC?

N.M. Joshi.

What British law was used to arrest CPI leaders during the Bombay Textile Strike?

Section 124A of IPC (Sedition).

Why did CPI support ‘Left Consolidation’ within Congress after 1935?

To use Congress mass base for class struggle.

Who was the CPI theorist that aligned Marxism with Indian peasantry through 'Kirti'?

Sohan Singh Josh.

What long-term impact did the Khilafat movement have on Muslim political assertion?

It laid groundwork for pan-Islamic identity and later demand for separate electorates.

Why did the Swarajists support Dominion Status despite radical rhetoric?

They aimed for practical legislative power as stepping-stone.

Which resolution at AICC warned members against 'extreme left-wing deviationism'?

Resolution of 1934 post Meerut Conspiracy Case.

What was the philosophical critique CPI held against Gandhian trusteeship?

It romanticized class compromise and diluted materialist revolution.

Which 1920s movement indirectly led to creation of All India Kisan Sabha?

Militant peasant strikes in Bengal and Punjab led by Kirti and WPP.

What slogan encapsulated Congress Socialist vision post-1934?

'Socialism from within, Revolution from without.'

Which law restricted Soviet literature in India post-Peshawar Trials?

Sea Customs Act amendments (1923).

Why did the British tolerate Labour Kisan Party but ban CPI?

LKP was seen as indigenous and reformist; CPI linked to international communism.

Which Congress leader rejected both socialism and Gandhism, advocating ‘Decentralized Capitalism’?

Madan Mohan Malaviya.

Why did the Congress Working Committee condemn the Trade Union Congress split of 1931?

It weakened national unity against imperial exploitation.