2.2 Protestant Reformation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on the Protestant Reformation, providing definitions and context.

Papal Palace in Avignon

The residence of popes from 1309 to 1377, located in France, which contrasts with the traditional residence in Rome.

Two rival popes in France and Italy

Simony

The corrupt practice of buying and selling church offices.

Indulgences

Payments made to the church to reduce the time spent in purgatory, introduced as a means of fundraising.

Purgatory

The intermediate state after death where souls are purified before entering heaven.

Martin Luther

An Augustinian monk whose theological challenges to the Catholic Church sparked the Protestant Reformation.

95 Theses

1517 - A document written in Latin by Martin Luther that criticized corrupt practices of the Catholic Church, particularly indulgences.

Sola Scriptura

A tenet of the Reformation asserting that the Bible is the sole authority for Christians.

Doctrine of Predestination

A belief formulated by John Calvin that God has preordained who will be saved and who will be damned.

Theocracy

A system of government in which the church is the authority, as exemplified by Geneva under Calvin's rule.

Anabaptists

A splinter group of Protestant reformers who believed in adult baptism rather than infant baptism.

John Calvin

Ran Geneva under Calvinism like a theocracy, believed in Predestination and the Elect ($ seen as God’s favour)