Chapter 14 The Peripheral Nervous System

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 14 about the Peripheral Nervous System.

Flashcard #1 Term: Which part of the nervous system includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A. Central Nervous System

B. Somatic Nervous System

C. Peripheral Nervous System

D. Enteric Nervous System

Definition: C. Peripheral Nervous System

Flashcard #2 Term: Motor neurons to skeletal muscle are part of which division of the peripheral nervous system?

A. Autonomic Motor

B. Visceral Motor

C. Somatic Motor

D. Sensory Division

Definition: C. Somatic Motor

Flashcard #3 Term: What structures pick up environmental changes from inside or outside of the body?

A. Motor Effectors

B. Interneurons

C. Sensory Receptors

D. Neurotransmitters

Definition: C. Sensory Receptors

Flashcard #4 Term: What are clusters of peripheral cells called?

A. Nuclei

B. Plexuses

C. Ganglia

D. Tracts

Definition: C. Ganglia

Flashcard #5 Term: Which receptor, also known as Meissner's corpuscle, is responsive to light pressure?

A. Lamellar Corpuscle

B. Bulbous Corpuscle

C. Tactile Corpuscle

D. Epithelial Tactile Complex

Definition: C. Tactile Corpuscle

Flashcard #6 Term: Which receptor, also known as Pacinian corpuscle, rapidly adapts to deep pressure stimuli?

A. Tactile Corpuscle

B. Bulbous Corpuscle

C. Lamellar Corpuscle

D. Nociceptor

Definition: C. Lamellar Corpuscle

Flashcard #7 Term: Which receptor, also known as Ruffini endings, slowly adapts to deep pressure stimuli?

A. Lamellar Corpuscle

B. Epithelial Tactile Complex

C. Bulbous Corpuscle

D. Muscle Spindle

Definition: C. Bulbous Corpuscle

Flashcard #8 Term: Which light pressure receptors, also known as Merkel discs, are found in the epidermis?

A. Tactile Corpuscle

B. Lamellar Corpuscle

C. Epithelial Tactile Complexes

D. Nociceptor

Definition: C. Epithelial Tactile Complexes

Flashcard #9 Term: What type of receptor responds to mechanical pressure or distortion?

A. Chemoreceptor

B. Nociceptor

C. Mechanoreceptor

D. Thermoreceptor

Definition: C. Mechanoreceptor

Flashcard #10 Term: What is a sensory receptor that responds to pain?

A. Mechanoreceptor

B. Chemoreceptor

C. Nociceptor

D. Proprioceptor

Definition: C. Nociceptor

Flashcard #11 Term: What is the region of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve called?

A. Myotome

B. Sclerotome

C. Dermatome

D. Plexus

Definition: C. Dermatome

Flashcard #12 Term: Which nerve innervates the diaphragm, controlling its contraction?

A. Vagus Nerve

B. Sciatic Nerve

C. Phrenic Nerve

D. Ulnar Nerve

Definition: C. Phrenic Nerve

Flashcard #13 Term: Which is the only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen?

A. Olfactory Nerve

B. Optic Nerve

C. Vagus Nerve

D. Trochlear Nerve

Definition: C. Vagus Nerve

Flashcard #14 Term: What is the major nerve plexus supplying the upper limbs?

A. Cervical Plexus

B. Lumbar Plexus

C. Brachial Plexus

D. Sacral Plexus

Definition: C. Brachial Plexus

Flashcard #15 Term: Which nerve is the largest branch of the sacral plexus?

A. Femoral Nerve

B. Obturator Nerve

C. Sciatic Nerve

D. Pudendal Nerve

Definition: C. Sciatic Nerve

Flashcard #16 Term: Which nerve innervates most of the muscles of the hand?

A. Median Nerve

B. Radial Nerve

C. Ulnar Nerve

D. Axillary Nerve

Definition: C. Ulnar Nerve

Flashcard #17 Term: What proprioceptor monitors muscle stretch?

A. Tendon Organ

B. Nociceptor

C. Muscle Spindle

D. Lamellar Corpuscle

Definition: C. Muscle Spindle

Flashcard #18 Term: What proprioceptor located in tendons that monitors tension?

A. Muscle Spindle

B. Mechanoreceptor

C. Tendon Organ

D. Tactile Corpuscle

Definition: C. Tendon Organ

Flashcard #19 Term: What type of sensory receptors respond to chemical changes in the body?

A. Mechanoreceptor

B. Nociceptor

C. Chemoreceptor

D. Proprioceptor

Definition: C. Chemoreceptor

Flashcard #20 Term: Which letter indicates the structure where cranial nerve fibers from the retina cross to the opposite side of the brain?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

E) E

Definition: B) B

Flashcard #21 Term: Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has motor fibers that innervate muscles of facial expression?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

E) E

Definition: D) D

Flashcard #22 Term: Sensory fibers of which cranial nerve pair pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A) I

B) II

C) IV

D) V

E) VIII

Definition: A) I

Flashcard #23 Term: Damage to which cranial nerve pair may result in anosmia, or a partial or total loss of the sense of smell?

A) I

B) II

C) IV

D) V

E) VIII

Definition: A) I

Flashcard #24 Term: All of the following are mixed cranial nerves, which contain both motor and sensory fibers, except the

A) facial.

B) optic.

C) trigeminal.

D) vagus.

Definition: B) optic.

Flashcard #25 Term: Which cranial nerve pair is characterized by somatic sensory fibers crossing at the ventral midline of the brain?

A) I

B) II

C) IV

D) V

E) VIII

Definition: B) II

Flashcard #26 Term: Of the cranial nerve pairs listed below, which nerve, along with XI and XII, relays only somatic motor impulses?

A) I

B) II

C) IV

D) V

E) VIII

Definition: C) IV

Flashcard #27 Term: Which of these cranial nerve pairs do not pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A) abducens

B) oculomotor

C) optic

D) trochlear

Definition: C) optic

Flashcard #28 Term: Which of the cranial nerves listed below provides innervation to one of the extrinsic eye muscles?

A) trigeminal

B) trochlear

C) optic

D) facial

Definition: B) trochlear

Flashcard #29 Term: To avoid double vision, which of the following groups of cranial nerves must be functioning correctly?

A) I, IX, and X

B) VII, VIII, and XII

C) V, XI, and XII

D) III, IV, and VI

Definition: D) III, IV, and VI

Flashcard #30 Term: The abducens nerve (CN VI)

A) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

B) relays sensory information from the taste buds on the tongue.

C) exits from the medulla.

D) if paralyzed, results in Bell's palsy.

Definition: A) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

Flashcard #31 Term: The trigeminal nerve contains which class(es) of nerve fibers?

A) somatic sensory only

B) somatic motor and general somatic sensory

C) somatic sensory, visceral sensory, and visceral motor

D) somatic motor only

Definition: B) somatic motor and general somatic sensory

Flashcard #32 Term: Which cranial nerve pair has three major branches, the maxillary, mandibular, and ophthalmic divisions?

A) IV

B) V

C) VIII

D) XI

E) XII

Definition: B) V

Flashcard #33 Term: Which of the cranial nerve listed below is the largest in diameter?

A) IV

B) V

C) VIII

D) XI

D) XI

E) XII

Definition: B) V

Flashcard #34 Term: Which foramen does not include a branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A) mandibular

B) ovale

C) rotundum

D) spinosum

Definition: D) spinosum

Flashcard #35 Term: A person who cannot blink or smile could have damage to which cranial nerve?

A) I

B) III

C) V

D) VII

Definition: D) VII

Flashcard #36 Term: Which cranial nerve, along with cranial nerve pair II, relays special somatic sensory impulses?

A) I

B) II

C) IV

D) VII

E) VIII

Definition: E) VIII

Flashcard #37 Term: Which of the cranial nerves listed below is a special somatic sensory nerve?

A) facial

B) vestibulocochlear

C) accessory

D) trochlear

Definition: B) vestibulocochlear

Flashcard #38 Term: Which cranial nerve pair has two sensory branches which both pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A) I

B) II

C) IV

D) V

E) VIII

Definition: E) VIII

Flashcard #39 Term: Damage to which cranial nerve pair can cause deafness and problems with equilibrium?

A) IV

B) V

C) VIII

D) XI

E) XII

Definition: C) VIII

Flashcard #40 Term: Which cranial nerves have fibers that relay somatic motor impulses to pharyngeal muscles during swallowing?

A) I and II

B) V and XII

C) VI and VII

D) IX and X

Definition: D) IX and X

Flashcard #41 Term: The only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen is the

A) vagus.

B) hypoglossal.

C) glossopharyngeal.

D) vestibulocochlear.

Definition: A) vagus.

Flashcard #42 Term: The spinal root of which cranial nerve pair innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

A) IV

B) V

C) VIII

D) XI

E) XII

Definition: D) XI

Flashcard #43 Term: Which cranial nerve pair along with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, exits through the jugular foramen?

A) IV

B) V

C) VIII

D) XI

E) XII

Definition: D) XI

Flashcard #44 Term: What is the only cranial nerve that has fibers that enter and leave the skull through different foramina? (Hint: It enters through the foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular foramen.)

A) VI

B) XII

C) XI

D) I

Definition: C) XI

Flashcard #45 Term: Which cranial nerve pair is comprised of ventral rootlets from C1-C5?

A) abducens

B) accessory

C) glossopharyngeal

D) hypoglossal

Definition: B) accessory

Flashcard #46 Term: Which cranial nerve, similar to cranial nerve II, runs through a canal with the same name?

A) IV

B) V

C) VIII

D) XI

E) XII

Definition: E) XII

Flashcard #47 Term: Damage to which cranial nerve pair can cause difficulties in speech and swallowing?

A) IV

B) VI

C) VIII

D) XI

E) XII

Definition: E) XII

Flashcard #48 Term: The cranial nerves innervate the tongue (sensory or motor) include all of the following except the

A) trigeminal.

B) facial.

C) glossopharyngeal.

D) accessory.

Definition: D) accessory.

Flashcard #49 Term: Sensory impulses from the skin would be transmitted into the spinal cord on the

A) ventral root.

B) dorsal root.

C) sympathetic nerve pathway.

D) pathway of parasympathetic neurons.

Definition: B) dorsal root.

Flashcard #50 Term: If one likens a spinal nerve to the trunk of a tree, then the two roots of this tree are the dorsal and ventral roots. What would represent the two large branches of this tree? In other words, moving away from the spinal cord, the spinal nerve branches into the

A) rami communicantes.

B) dorsal and ventral root ganglia.

C) ventral and dorsal rami.

D) the brachial plexus.

Definition: C) ventral and dorsal rami.

Flashcard #51 Term: Spinal nerves are

A) present in 31 pairs.

B) located exclusively in the vertebral canal.

C) present only in the thoracic region where plexuses are absent.

D) purely sensory nerves.

Definition: A) present in 31 pairs.

Flashcard #52 Term: Which of these statements about intercostal nerves is true ?

A) They are part of a nerve plexus.

B) They innervate only the intercostal muscles.

C) They are the ventral rami of T1-T11 spinal nerves and lie just inferior to ribs 1-11.

D) They consist of 9 pairs.

Definition: C) They are the ventral rami of T1-T11 spinal nerves and lie just inferior to ribs 1-11.

Flashcard #53 Term: Contraction rate of the diaphragm is controlled by which nerve?

A) phrenic

B) vagus

C) trigeminal

D) trochlear

Definition: A) phrenic

Flashcard #54 Term: The phrenic nerve receives fibers from

A) C3-C5 .

B) T1-T7 .

C) CN X.

D) CN XI.

Definition: A) C3-C5 .

Flashcard #55 Term: Which of the following correctly matches the nerve of the cervical plexus with its function?

A) lesser occipital — innervates the skin of the shoulder and clavicular region

B) ansa cervicalis — innervates the infrahyoid muscles of the neck

C) greater auricular — innervates the skin of the posterolateral neck

D) supraclavicular — innervates the deep muscles of the neck

Definition: B) ansa cervicalis — innervates the infrahyoid muscles of the neck

Flashcard #56 Term: The major nerve plexus to the upper limbs is the

A) brachial plexus.

B) sacral plexus.

C) cervical plexus.

D) lumbar plexus.

Definition: A) brachial plexus

Flashcard #57 Term: Starting at the spinal cord and proceeding distally, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are

A) rami, trunks, divisions, cords.

B) rami, divisions, cords, trunks.

C) divisions, rami, trunks, cords.

D) trunks, divisions, cords, rami.

Definition: A) rami, trunks, divisions, cords.

Flashcard #58 Term: The lateral cord of the brachial plexus forms directly from

A) the upper, middle, and lower trunks.

B) the posterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks.

C) the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks.

D) roots C7-T1 .

Definition: C) the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks.

Flashcard #59 Term: Which of these nerves does not arise primarily from the brachial plexus?

A) median

B) phrenic

C) radial

D) ulnar

Definition: B) phrenic

Flashcard #60 Term: The muscles that initiate flexion at the elbow joint (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve from the lateral cord?

A) radial

B) median

C) ulnar

D) musculocutaneous

Definition: D) musculocutaneous

Flashcard #61 Term: The nerve that forms from fibers of both the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus is the

A) median.

B) axillary.

C) ulnar.

D) musculocutaneous.

Definition: A) median.

Flashcard #62 Term: An injury to the ulnar nerve causes

A) weakness in hand movement and a lack of sensation long the medial aspect of the hand.

B) significant weakness with wrist flexion and movement of the thumb.

C) a lack of sensation along the lateral aspect of the forearm.

D) weakness with extension of the forearm and arm.

Definition: A) weakness in hand movement and a lack of sensation long the medial aspect of the hand.

Flashcard #63 Term: Which spinal nerve relays motor impulses to the muscles of the posterior forearm?

A) ulnar

B) median

C) axillary

D) radial

Definition: D) radial

Flashcard #64 Term: Which of these nerves arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A) median

B) musculocutaneous

C) radial

D) ulnar

Definition: C) radial

Flashcard #65 Term: A lesion/injury to the radial nerve causes

A) footdrop, or an inability to dorsiflex the foot

B) claw hand, or flexion of the fingers due to lack of innervation of the interossei muscles.

C) an inability to flex the wrist.

D) wrist-drop, or an inability to extend the wrist.

Definition: D) wrist-drop, or an inability to extend the wrist.

Flashcard #66 Term: Spinal nerves found at the level of L4 to about S4 form the

A) lumbar plexus.

B) femoral plexus.

C) sacral plexus.

D) thoracic plexus.

Definition: C) sacral plexus.

Flashcard #67 Term: The tibial and common fibular nerves branch from the **** nerve.

A) sciatic

B) pudendal

C) axillary

D) femoral

Definition: A) sciatic

Flashcard #68 Term: The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the **** nerve.

A) obturator

B) common peroneal

C) tibial

D) femoral

Definition: C) tibial

Flashcard #69 Term: A lesion to the common fibular nerve causes

A) footdrop, or the inability to dorsiflex the foot

B) paralysis of the peroneal muscles.

C) an inability to flex the great toe.

D) an inability to plantarflex the foot.

Definition: A) footdrop, or the inability to dorsiflex the foot

Flashcard #70 Term: Anesthetic injection to which nerve may block pain in the perineum during childbirth?

A) sciatic

B) femoral

C) pudendal

D) obturator

Definition: C) pudendal

Flashcard #71 Term: Which of the following regions is not innervated by nerves of the sacral plexus (L4 - S4)?

A) posterior thigh

B) medial thigh muscles

C) foot

D) external genitalia

Definition: B) medial thigh muscles

Flashcard #72 Term: The primary nerve to muscles of the anterior thigh is the

A) sciatic.

B) obturator.

C) sural.

D) femoral.

Definition: D) femoral.

Flashcard #73 Term: Hiltons law states that a joint is innervated by

A) any nerve that innervates the muscles that move it or skin over it.

B) a branch of the spinal nerve that travels directly to the joint.

C) no nerves, as joints aren't innervated.

D) branches of efferent nerves only.

Definition: A) any nerve that innervates the muscles that move it or skin over it.

Flashcard #74 Term: A dermatome is

A) the muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve.

B) the region of skin innervated by a single terminal branch of the brachial plexus.

C) all organs innervated by a single spinal nerve.

D) the region of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve.

Definition: D) the region of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve.

Flashcard #75 Term: What specific dermatome lies at the level of the navel?

A) C2

B) S4

C) T10

D) T1

Definition: C) T10

Flashcard #76 Term: In shingles, the virus lies within the cell bodies of a dorsal root (sensory) ganglion. When the virus is active, it causes painful blisters along a strip of skin on the trunk. Knowing your anatomy, why does it only affect a thin strip of skin?

A) The virus follows the dermatome associated with the spinal nerve connected to the affected dorsal root ganglion.

B) The virus only affects the skin of the back near the affected dorsal root ganglion.

C) The virus follows the lines of cleavage of the skin.

D) The virus only travels vertically along the trunk due to gravity.

Definition: A) The virus follows the dermatome associated with the spinal nerve connected to the affected dorsal root ganglion.

Flashcard #77 Term: The peripheral nerves reach the organs or structures that they innervate during week **** of development.

A) 3

B)