A&P I TERMINOLOGY: CH2 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Flashcards based on A&P I TERMINOLOGY: CH2 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Unsaturated Fats

Liquid fats from plants, considered healthier due to their structure.

Saturated Fats

Solid fats from animals, generally considered less healthy.

Organic Macromolecules

Macromolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, essential for life processes.

Amino Acid

The monomer that serves as the building block for proteins.

Anion

An anion is an atom that has more electrons than protons—in other words, an anion is an atom with a negative charge.

Atom

The fundamental unit of matter consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Carbohydrate

An organic compound used by the body for quick energy and structural purposes.

Cation

A cation is an ion, or charged particle, with a positive charge. In other words, a cation has more protons than electrons.

Chemical Reaction

A process involving the transformation of substances into new ones through rearrangement of atoms and molecules.

Complex Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates that provide long-term energy, such as starch, fiber, and glycogen.

Dehydration Synthesis

A process that joins molecules together by removing a water molecule. This process is crucial in forming larger organic compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. .

Denaturation

The change in a protein's shape, often caused by heat or alterations in pH levels.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Genetic material that contains the instructions for life.

Disaccharide

A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides, such as sucrose.

Double Helix

The twisted ladder structure of DNA.

Enzymes

Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within the body.

Examples of Lipids

Include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.

Neutral Fat

A triglyceride stored in fat tissue to be used for energy.

Glycogen

The animal storage form of glucose, primarily found in the liver and muscles.

Hydrogen Bond

A weak bond between polar molecules, such as those found in water or DNA.

Hydrolysis

The process of breaking bonds between molecules through the addition of water.

Hydrophilic

Attracted to water.

Hydrophobic

Repels water.

Lipid

An organic compound used for energy storage.

Lipid Monomers

Glycerol and fatty acids.

Macromolecule

A large molecule composed of smaller repeating units.

Metabolism

All the chemical processes that occur within the body.

Monomer

A single building block of a larger molecule.

Monosaccharide

A simple sugar, such as glucose.

Nucleic Acid

A macromolecule that stores genetic information.

Nucleotide

The monomer of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Peptide Bond

The bond that links two amino acids together.

Phospholipid

A lipid that makes up cell membranes, characterized by a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Polymer

A large molecule made of repeating monomer units.

Polypeptide

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Polysaccharide

A long chain of sugars, such as starch or cellulose.

Protein

A macromolecule that builds tissues and carries out cellular functions.

Protein Monomer

Amino acid.

Protein Use in Body

Involved in building muscles, functioning as enzymes and hormones, and providing immune support.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

An essential molecule that uses DNA instructions to help make proteins.

Saturated Fat

Solid fat from animals, characterized by the absence of double bonds in its fatty acids.

Simple Carbohydrates

Quick energy sugars, such as glucose and fructose.

Starch

Plant storage form of glucose.

Steroids

Lipids used for hormones and cell signaling, such as cholesterol.

Triglyceride

A fat molecule made of glycerol and three fatty acids.

Unsaturated Fat

Liquid fat from plants, distinguished by the presence of double bonds in its structure.