1.5.2 Utility software

What is the purpose of utility programs?

They provide extra functionality and housekeeping tasks that keep computers running efficiently

How can utility programs be packaged?

As part of the operating system or as stand-alone software programs

Is utility software compulsory?

No, but it improves system performance and security

What are examples of utility software?

Formatting, de-fragmenting, encryption, compression, firewall, anti virus, anti malware

What is encryption software used for?

To encrypt files/folders on portable disks, encrypt web communication, and encrypt data in databases

What is the process of encryption?

An algorithm scrambles plain text into cipher text

How can encrypted text be made readable again?

It must be decrypted using a key

What does data compression software do?

Compresses and decompresses files or folders

Why is compression useful?

Reduces storage space needed, speeds up file transmission, and allows emailing large attachments within size limits

What does it mean when a file is fragmented?

Its data is stored in non-consecutive places on the disk

Why does fragmentation cause slow performance?

The hard drive head must move to multiple locations to read the file

What does defragmenting do?

Reorganises file fragments so they are stored together consecutively

What is a benefit of defragmenting your hard disk?

File fragments are stored consecutively, reducing read times and improving performance

What is another benefit of defragmentation?

Free space is grouped together so new files don’t have to be fragmented