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Course 1 Flashcards
Course 1 Flashcards
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205 Terms
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Abstraction
To take a relatively complex system and simplify it for our use.
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Address bus
Connects the CPU to the MCC and sends over the location of the data, but not the data itself.
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Algorithm
A series of steps that solves specific problems.
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Android
A mobile operating system based on Linux.
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Application
A computer program designed for a specific use.
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Application software
Any software created to fulfill a specific need, like a text editor, web browser, or graphics editor.
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ARPANET
The earliest version of the Internet created by the US government project DARPA in the 1960s.
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ASCII
The oldest character encoding standard used, representing the English alphabet, digits, and punctuation marks.
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Assembly language
A language allowing computer scientists to use human-readable instructions, assembled into code that machines can understand.
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ATA
The most common interface that hard drives use to connect to a system.
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ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended)
The most common form factor for motherboards.
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Automation
It makes processes work automatically.
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Backward compatible
Older hardware works with newer hardware.
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Binary system
The communication that a computer uses, also known as base-2 numeral system.
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BIOS (Basic Input Output Services)
Software that helps initialize the hardware in a computer and gets the operating system up and running.
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Block storage
Improves faster handling of data because it is stored in blocks, allowing quick access.
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Boot
To start up a computer.
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Bootloader
A small program that loads the operating system.
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Browser
A user interface for displaying and interacting with web pages.
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BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
Allows people to use their own personal devices for work.
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Byte
A group of 8 bits.
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Cache
A stored location for recently or frequently accessed data.
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Character encoding
Assigns binary values to characters for human readability.
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Charge cycle
One full charge and discharge of a battery.
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Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
Regulates information shown to children under the age of 13.
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Chipset
Decides how components communicate with each other in a machine.
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Chrome OS
A Linux-based operating system designed by Google.
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Clients
Devices that receive data from a server.
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Clock cycle
When voltage is sent to the clock wire.
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Clock speed
The maximum number of clock cycles that can be handled in a set time period.
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Clock wire
Sends a voltage to let the CPU know it can start calculations.
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Coding
Translating one language to another.
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Command Line Interface (CLI)
A shell that uses text commands to interact with the operating system.
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Compiled programming language
Uses human-readable instructions processed through a compiler.
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Computer
A device that stores and processes data by performing calculations.
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Computer file
Data stored in a file, like a document, picture, or song.
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Copyright
Used when creating original work.
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CPU
Central Processing Unit.
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CPU sockets
Series of pins connecting a CPU to the motherboard.
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Cryptography
The practice of coding and hiding messages from third parties.
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Data blocks
Data that can be broken into pieces and written to different parts of the hard disk.
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Data sizes
Metrics referring to sizes like bit, byte, kilobyte, etc.
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DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
A type of RAM that is faster and takes up less power than earlier versions.
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Decimal form - base 10 system
System using digits 0-9.
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Desktop
The main screen for navigating files, folders, and applications.
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Digital divide
The gap between people with and without digital literacy skills.
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DIMM
Dual Inline Memory Module.
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Display port
A port that outputs audio and video.
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Distribution
A version of the operating system.
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Domain name
The part of the URL following www.
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Domain Name System (DNS)
Resolves website names into IP addresses.
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DRAM
Dynamic Random Access Memory.
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Drivers
Provide instructions for the CPU to understand external devices.
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DVI
Cables that output video.
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Electrostatic discharge
A sudden flow of electric current between charged objects.
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Error message
Indicators that assist in troubleshooting.
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Etcher.io
Tool used to make a USB bootable.
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Ethernet cable
Allows physical network connection via cable.
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.exe
A file extension for executable files in Windows.
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Expansion slots
Enable increased functionality of the computer.
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External Data Bus (EDB)
A row of wires connecting parts of a computer.
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Factory reset
Resetting a device to factory settings.
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Fiber optic cable
Cables using light pulses to represent data.
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File extension
The part of a filename indicating its file type.
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File handling
The process of storing data using a program.
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File system
Used to manage files.
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Finder
The file manager for Macs.
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Firmware
Software permanently stored on a computer component.
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Folders/Directories
Used to organize files.
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Form factor
A method for compensating for irregular shapes.
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GIT
A version control system for tracking changes in files.
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Globalization
The integration of communication and processes on an international scale.
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Hard drive
A long-term memory component storing data.
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Hardware
External or internal devices facilitating computer functions.
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Hardware resource deficiency
Lack of system resources like memory or space.
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HDD (Hard disk drive)
Uses spinning platters to read and write information.
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HDMI
Cables that output both video and audio.
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Heatsink
Dissipates heat from the CPU.
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HFS+/APFS
Apple's journaling systems.
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Hostname
Identifies the computer in a network.
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Hubs
Central locations through which data travels.
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Information technology
Use of digital technology to process data.
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Input/Output device
Performs input and output functions.
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Install image
Downloadable OS image for installations.
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Instruction set
List of instructions a CPU can execute.
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Internet
A worldwide system of interconnected networks.
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Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
An address consisting of 32 bits.
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Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
An address consisting of 128 bits.
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Internet service provider (ISP)
Company providing internet connections.
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Internet of Things (IoT)
Concept of multiple devices connected to the internet.
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Interpreted programming language
A language not compiled ahead of time.
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I/O management
Manages input and output of data.
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iOS
Mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc.
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IP address
Protocol aiding in information routing.
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ITX (Information Technology eXtended)
A smaller motherboard form factor.
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Kernel
The core of an operating system managing processes.
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Land Grid Array (LGA)
CPU socket type protruding from the motherboard.
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Lightning adaptor
Standard power, data, and display connector for mobile devices.
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Linux OS
Open source OS widely used in business.
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Logic gates
Allow transistors to perform complex tasks.
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