Nomenclature Test - 3/11

Polyatomic ions, elements with specific charges, nomenclature vocabulary, and organic chemistry

acetate

C₂H₃O₂^-

chlorate

ClO₃^-

hydroxide

OH^-

Nitrate

NO₃^-

ammonium

NH₄⁺

carbonate

CO₃^2-

Sulfate

SO₄^2-

phosphate

PO₄^3-

Cadmium (Cd) charge

+2

Silver (Ag) charge

+1

Tungsten (W) charge

+6

Zinc (Zn) charge

+2

Carbon (C) charge

± 4

Silicon (Si) charge

± 4

Germanium (Ge) charge

± 4

Tin (Sn) charge

+2/ +4

Lead (Pb) charge

+2/ +4

Ionic bond

the strong electrostatic force of attraction that holds oppositely charged ions together in a compound

ionic compound

a compound composed of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions)

binary compound

2 elements

ternary compound

more than 2 elements

monoatomic ion

1 atom

polyatomic ion

2 or more atoms

Polyatomic ion

an ion made up of more than one atom that acts as a single charged unit

Positive ion suffix

-ium

Negative ion suffixes

• 2 atoms = -ide

• Hypo-; -ite

• -ite

• -ate

• Per-; -ate

Transition metals are multivalent, meaning they have…

more than one oxidation state

Acids

• not ionic compounds, but molecules

• When dissolved in water, acids dissociate into ions

binary acid

acid that has only 2 different elements

• first is ALWAYS Hydrogen (H)

• Second is a nonmetal

binary acid prefix, suffix, and ending

• prefix: hydro-

• Suffix: -ic

• Ending: acid

oxyacid

an acid that contains hydrogen and an oxygen

oxyanion

a polyatomic anion (-) that contains oxygen

Oxyacid suffix changes

• -ate → -ic

• -ite → -ous

Do oxyacid element charges reduce?

Never

Hydrates

contain a certain number of water molecules with each formula unit

• part of the crystal structure of the ionic compound (lattice structure)

Numerical prefixes 1-10

1. Mono

2. Di

3. Tri

4. Tetra

5. Penta

6. Hexa

7. Hepta

8. Octa

9. Nona

10. Deca

Molecular compounds

formed between a nonmetal and another nonmetal

• held together by a covalent bond (sharing elections) and forms one molecule

7 diatomic elements

1. Br₂

2. I₂

3. N₂

4. Cl₂

5. H₂

6. O₂

7. F₂

Alkanes

single bonds

• C_xH_2x+2

alkenes

at least 1 double bond

• C_xH_2x

alkynes

at least 1 triple bond

• C_xH_2x-2

Organic chemistry prefixes 1-10

1. Meth

2. Eth

3. Prop

4. But

5. Pent

6. Hex

7. Hept

8. Oct

9. Non

10. Dec

Methane

CH₄

Ethane

C₂H₆

Propane

C₃H₈

Butane

C₄H₁₀

Pentane

C₅H₁₂

Hexane

C₆H₁₄

Heptane

C₇H₁₆

Octane

C₈H₁₈

Nonane

C₉H₂₀

Decane

C₁₀H₂₂