General Chemistry 1 - Separation Methods of Mixtures

VOCABULARY flashcards covering the definitions and mechanisms of various chemical separation techniques for mixtures.

Separation Methods of Mixtures

Techniques used to isolate components of a mixture that are not chemically bound, chosen based on the physical and chemical properties of the substances.

Paper Chromatography

A separation technique used to separate substances dissolved in a solution based on how strongly they are attracted to the paper and the solvent.

Capillary Action

The process by which a solvent travels upward through paper in chromatography, moving different substances at various speeds.

$Rf$ values

Specific values calculated in chromatography used by experts to identify and compare ink types in document and forensic analysis.

Filtration

The process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid using a porous material like filter paper.

Filtrate

The liquid that passes through the filter paper during the process of filtration.

Residue

The solid material that remains trapped on the filter paper after filtration is complete.

Evaporation

A method used to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid by heating the solution until the solvent turns into vapor, leaving the solid behind.

Simple Distillation

A process that separates a liquid from a solution by heating it until it vaporizes and then cooling the vapor so it condenses back into a liquid recovery.

Fractional Distillation

A separation technique used for two or more miscible liquids with different boiling points, employing a fractionating column for repeated condensation and vaporization.

Fractionating Column

A component used in fractional distillation that allows for repeated condensation and vaporization to improve the separation of liquids with similar boiling points.

Magnetic Separation

A method that uses magnets to extract magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials, often used in mining and recycling.

Separating Funnel

A device used to separate two immiscible liquids with different densities by allowing the denser liquid to drain through a stopcock at the bottom.

Immiscible Liquids

Liquids that do not mix or dissolve in one another, such as oil and water, which can be separated based on their densities.

Miscible Liquids

Liquids that are capable of being mixed in any proportion to form a homogeneous solution, requiring distillation for separation.