Diagnostic Testing

These flashcards cover key concepts related to diagnostic testing, including types of blood cells, normal values, and the significance of various tests.

What are the main types of blood cells and their functions?

Erythrocytes carry oxygen, leukocytes are involved in immune response, and thrombocytes (platelets) are crucial for blood clotting.

What is the normal range for red blood cells (RBCs) in an adult male?

4.7–6.1 million cells/µL.

What is the function of neutrophils?

They are the first defenders against bacterial and fungal infections, foreign antigens, and cell debris.

What indicates a potential issue if a patient's hemoglobin is below the normal range?

It may indicate anemia, bone marrow suppression, chronic infection, or renal disease.

What does a complete blood count (CBC) measure?

It measures the levels of various components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

What is the purpose of the coagulation studies in lab tests?

To assess the blood's ability to clot and determine the presence of bleeding disorders.

What does the term 'normal values' refer to in lab results?

The expected range of a specific blood component in healthy individuals.

What is the significance of elevated white blood cell counts?

It may indicate infection, inflammation, or leukemia.

What is the role of albumin in blood plasma?

To maintain osmotic pressure and transport substances in the blood.

What blood test is commonly used for assessing kidney function?

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine tests.